(Answered) Explain how rhodopsin functions as a light receptor

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1. Explain how rhodopsin functions as a light receptor.

2. Explain the Miller-Urey experiment. What are the implications of this experiment?

3. Explain the term RNA world.

4. What is the relationship between the surface area and volume of a cell? Explain how the two major groups of organisms differ in this respect, and why.

5. Draw and label a simple line diagram of a cell membrane. Include the major types of membrane proteins. On your diagram, also indicate how the following pass through the cell membrane:

oxygen gas
ions
large volumes of water

6. What is a proton-motive force, and how is it achieved in cellular respiration?

7. Most organisms are aerobic. What is the major advantage of having an aerobic metabolism? What is a major problem associated with an aerobic metabolism?

8. Explain in detail what happens after an electron absorbs light.

9. Explain the second law of thermodynamics and entropy.

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