1. Explain how penetrance and expressivity can affect the expression of an allele.
2. Explain how epistasis and suppression of nonallelic genes affect the phenotype.
3. Using phenotypic ratios, explain how to deduce the underlying genetic interactions.
4. Explain how epigenetic phenomena affect the observed pattern of inheritance.
5. Explain how linkage affects the transmission of genes and the resulting genotypic and phenotypic ratios in the progeny.
6. Explain how to analyze and manipulate data from both two- and three-point crosses to generate linkage maps.
7. Explain how to calculate genotypic frequencies from a linkage map.