Section A - Descriptive problems

problem1)a) With the help of the flow chart describe the process of protein and carbohydrate digestion.

b) Briefly describe the commonly occurring polysaccharides.

problem2)a) Gluconeogenesis is a reversal of glycolsis. Comment on statement, presenting the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathway.

b) Briefly describe the reaction used for quantitative estimation of amino acids.

problem3)

a) Describe the structure and physio-chemical properties of any one of the water soluble vitamins.

b) describe the formation of Vitamin D₃ in the skin.

problem4)a) describe enzyme kinetics and the concept of enzyme specificity.

b) describe the factors affecting enzyme activity.

problem5)a) Work out the energy production in glycolysis.

b) Discuss the functions of the citric acid cycle and HMP Pathway.

problem6)a) Briefly describe the oxidation of fatty acids in human body.

b) Comment on the following :-

a) Fate of pyrurate

b) Significance of gluconeogenesis

problem7)a) describe the two process by which the α-amino group is removed from the amino acid.

b) What is ‘‘denovo synthesis’’ and ‘‘salvage pathway’’ for purine nucleotides?

problem8)a) Define free radicals and discuss their mechanism of disposal.

b) Describe the role of free radicals in contributing to the risk of cardiovascular disease and carcinogenesis.

problem9)a) describe the role of Vitamin A in normal vision.

b) Describe the role of Vitamin D in maintaining the desirable plasma calcium levels.

problem10)a) What is inborn error of metabolism? Enlist disease related to carbohydrate metabolism.

b) Describe what is phenylketonuria and give dietary guidelines for its management.

Section B - OTQ (Objective Type problems)

problem1) Choose the correct answer.

I) The glycosidic linkage that exists in sucrose is

a)β (1,4)
b)α (1, 4)
c)α (1,2)
d)α (1,6)

II) Linoleic acid is:

a) MUFA
b) PUFA
c) Saturated acid
d) Unsaturated fatty acid

III) The active form of ascorbic acid is:

a) L-ascorbic acid
b) L-dehydroascorbic acid
c) None
d) Both a and b

IV) The reproductive hormone is:

a) Progesterone
b) Glucagons
c) Calcitonin
d) Antidiuretic hormone

V) The other name for Niacin is:

a) Vitamin B₃
b) Vitamin B₁
c) Vitamin B₆
d) Vitamin B₂

VI) Non enzymatic small molecular weight antioxidant is:

a) Anserine
b) Uric acid
c) Bilirubin
d) Vitamin - C

VII) Metabolic product of arginine is:

a) Creatine
b) Glutamine
c) Nitric oxide
d) Taurine

VIII) Desaturation of stearic acid produces:

a) Oleic acid
b) Palmitic acid
c) Linolenic acid
d) Linolenic acid

IX) In glycogen storage disease glycogen levels are:

a) High
b) Very high
c) Normal
d) Very high

X) The Lipoprotein which carries dietary triacyglycerol is:

a) VLDL
b) HDL
c) LDL
d) Chylomicrons

problem2) describe in 2-3 sentances and also give the structure whenever possible:

a) Mutarolalion

b) Hydrogenalion

c) Zwitterion

d) Congugated proteins

e) Haloengyme