Ask Biology Expert

Case study on Salmonella Outbreaks in the U.S.

Every year, approximately 42,000 cases of salmonellosis are reported in the United States. Because many milder cases are not diagnosed or reported, the actual number of infections may be twenty-nine or more times greater. It is estimated that approximately 400 persons die each year with acute salmonellosis. A small number of persons with Salmonella develop pain in their joints, irritation of the eyes, and painful urination. This is called reactive arthritis. It can last for months or years, and can lead to chronic arthritis which is difficult to treat. Antibiotic treatment does not make a difference in whether or not the person develops arthritis. (CDC, 2013)

1) Using your OWN WORDS describe the full Chain of Infection for Salmonella. Cite your references:

a) Agent(s):
b) Reservoir(s):
c) Exit/Transmission/Entry:
d) Host Susceptibility:

2) Find and include the most current CASE DEFINITION for Salmonellosis. Cite your source(s):

3) Use the attached source, The MMWR Notifiable Diseases – U.S., 2011 (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm6053.pdf), to answer these problems about the descriptive epidemiology of Salmonella morbidity in the US.  Support your answers by including some data comparisons from this source.

a) Is it seasonal?  If so, what is its seasonality?
b) Is it geographically specific? (Refer to US regions, not sates)
c) What is the term trend (2004 -2011) in Reported Cases per year?

4) There are currently two active US outbreaks of Salmonella involving live poultry. Much of the exposure is coming from backyard pets and small suburban flocks of chickens and ducks. To investigate the source of salmonella in these livestock, the CDC has been randomly testing chicks and ducklings at the sources for these livestock: farm stores and mail-order livestock suppliers. Twelve suppliers were randomly selected in each category and 100 chicks or ducklings were tested per site.  Here are the data for the number of positive tests per 100 livestock tested per supplier:

Mail-Order: 5, 7, 6, 3, 6, 4, 5, 2, 6, 8, 6, 7
Farm Stores: 8, 3, 6, 7, 3, 4, 8, 7, 3, 2, 8, 6

a) Create a Frequency Table for BOTHsources

b) Compute, compare, and interpret the following for BOTHsources.

You MUST show your full computations for credit:

  • Meanand Mode of infected livestock   
  • Confidence Intervals
  • For which source are we most confident that our tests results can be inferred to similar sources? How do you know?
  • Toward which sourceshould the CDC direct itsregulatory efforts? Why?

 

Biology, Academics

  • Category:- Biology
  • Reference No.:- M91225

Have any Question?


Related Questions in Biology

Case study question -case study - mary 21 years old

Case Study Question - Case Study - Mary, 21 years old, presented to the hospital emergency department with an infected laceration on her left foot. Mary was at a beach resort four days ago, when she trod on a broken glas ...

Assignment -the upper-case blue letters are the 14th exon

Assignment - The upper-case, blue letters are the 14th exon (of 20) in the Hephl1 gene in mice. The lower-case (black) letters are from the flanking introns.  The highlighted bases indicate primers that may be used to ge ...

Question - a pure strain of mendels peas dominant for all

Question - A pure strain of mendel's peas, dominant for all seven of his independently assorting genes, was testcrossed. How many different kinds of gametes could the F1 PRODUCE?

Igfbp2 rbp4 and factor d post bariatric surgeryigfbp2 what

IGFBP2/ RBP4 and Factor D Post Bariatric Surgery IGFBP2 ( what the normal physiological action in the body? And how it affectedby obesity? andpost bariatric surgery?) RBP4 (what the normal physiological action in the bod ...

Assignment on nutrition - q1 task you need to select 2

Assignment on Nutrition - Q1. Task: You need to select 2 different age groups of your choice. You will need to plan balanced meals with snacks for a day. Once you have laid out the meal plan you need to: Explain why the ...

Question - gene cloning a please write the steps to clone

Question - Gene Cloning a) Please write the steps to clone the protease gene from Bacillus strain whose genome sequence is not known. b) Express the protease gene to obtain the enzyme in high yield, please plan your prot ...

Instructions address each question below as it relates to

Instructions: Address each question below as it relates to the caw study given. A patient was brought to the Emergency Department by ambulance with two arrow wounds. One arrow is still in the patient on the left side; en ...

Use of molecular tools and bioinforrnatics in the diagnosis

Use of Molecular Tools and Bioinforrnatics in the Diagnosis Characterization of Enteric Pathogens from a Case Study Purpose: The purpose of this project is to familiarize the student with modern molecular tools and bioin ...

Experiment 1 staining video1 open the media player by

Experiment 1: Staining Video 1. Open the Media Player by clicking on the film-strip button in the lower left of the lab's window frame, as shown below. The Media Player is a repository of images, videos, saved snapshots, ...

Chosen dr jan nolta- stem cell researcher head of uc davis

Chosen Dr. Jan Nolta- Stem Cell Researcher Head of UC Davis Stem Cell Program Director Topic Background: early Stem cells have the ability to develop into many different types of cells. Stem Cell Research is not without ...

  • 4,153,160 Questions Asked
  • 13,132 Experts
  • 2,558,936 Questions Answered

Ask Experts for help!!

Looking for Assignment Help?

Start excelling in your Courses, Get help with Assignment

Write us your full requirement for evaluation and you will receive response within 20 minutes turnaround time.

Ask Now Help with Problems, Get a Best Answer

Why might a bank avoid the use of interest rate swaps even

Why might a bank avoid the use of interest rate swaps, even when the institution is exposed to significant interest rate

Describe the difference between zero coupon bonds and

Describe the difference between zero coupon bonds and coupon bonds. Under what conditions will a coupon bond sell at a p

Compute the present value of an annuity of 880 per year

Compute the present value of an annuity of $ 880 per year for 16 years, given a discount rate of 6 percent per annum. As

Compute the present value of an 1150 payment made in ten

Compute the present value of an $1,150 payment made in ten years when the discount rate is 12 percent. (Do not round int

Compute the present value of an annuity of 699 per year

Compute the present value of an annuity of $ 699 per year for 19 years, given a discount rate of 6 percent per annum. As