18. Proteins in the cytosol that are destined for other organelles must first enter the:
a. nucleus
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
19. Which of the following is true?
a. a special class of ribosomes embedded in the ER translates the proteins destined for that organelle
b. a common pool of ribosomes is used to synthesize both proteins that stay in the cytosol and those that are destined for the ER
c. all ribosomes are attached to the ER when they are synthesizing a protein
20. Which type of protein binds to improperly folded or improperly assembled proteins in the ER, holding them there until proper folding occurs?
a. tethering proteins
b. glycosylating proteins
c. chaperone proteins
d. antibody proteins
21. Which of the following is NOT true about the differences between liver cells and kidney cells in the same organism?
a. they contain the same genes, but express them differently
b. they contain different genes
c. they contain different sets of proteins
d.
22. The correct order of the "flow of information" to generate a protein is:
a. mRNA to DNA to protein
b. DNA to mRNA to protein
c. Lipid to mRNA to protein
23. In a eukaryotic cell, almost all _________________ occurs in the nucleus and __________________ occurs mainly at ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Fill in the blanks by picking from the following terms:
a. translation
b. transcription
24. A stop-transfer sequence functions to:
a. block transfer of a hydrophobic amino acid sequence into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum
b. prevent ribosomes from binding to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. signal the termination of mRNA
25. A highly expressed gene is more likely to be found in a(n)________________ region of the chromosome.
a. Heterochromatic
b. Euchromatic
26. The ___________ directs the ribosome with the attached mRNA and nascent polypeptide to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
a. tRNA
b. signal peptidase
c. SRP
d. SRP receptor
27. Which is NOT an example of epigenetic inheritance?
a. the inheritance of methylation patterns in DNA
b. the inheritance of a single nucleotide mutation in a gene
c. the inheritance of patterns of chromosome condensation