2. Discuss how do eukaryotic microorganisms such as yeast (S.cerevisiae) or algae maintain genetic diversuty in the population?

3. what genetic evidence led to our understanding of sex determination in mammals including humnas?

4 State the genotypic difference between the two different sexes for the following organisms: Protenor, L turicus, C.elegans, D.melanogaster, mice, humans

5. What is the genotype and phenotype for individuals with the following syndromes: Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, swyer syndrome

6. In humans what gene or genotype are vital for the sex development of males? females? state what the genes function is in general

7 Compare and contrast the human X and Y chromosome

8. What is the relationship between a Barr body, X inactivation, and dosage compensation?

9. What is known mechanistically about how dosage compensation occurs in mammals/humans? What gene is involved with the process? what is known about dosage compensation in other systems such as Marsupials, C. elegans, and D. melanogaster?

10. why is meiotic nondisjunction typically deleterious in humans?

11. If X inactivation occurs what can you hypothesize as to why individuals with a 45, X genotype will still have phenotypes and health issues.

12. Using text and a diagram, describe four types of chromosome rearrangements

13. What is the genotype and phenotype associated with the following syndromes: Cri-du-chat syndrome, down syndrome, Patau syndrome, Edwards syndrome

14. What is the genotypic difference between individuals who have Down syndrome(47, +21), familial Down syndrome or is a mosaic for down syndrome. What genetic event likely occurred that led to each of the above mentioned types of down syndrome?

15. What are the phenotypes associated with Fragile X syndrome? What molecular abnormality occurred in these individuals with Fragile X syndrome?