Questions for Experiment 1: Mechanism of breathing in lungs:
1. What happens to the lung (balloon)? Why?
2. What causes a collapsed lung? (What would happen if the seal at the base of the bottle leaked?)
3. Is a collapsed lung functional? Why or why not?
4. A. How might your lung capacity differ from that of a professional athlete? Why?
B. How might your lung capacity differ from that of an older person? Why?
Questions for Experiment 2: Breathing measurements:
1.
A. Name all the muscles that are responsible for expanding the volume of the chest cavity during inspiration.
B. Why does air rush into the lungs during inhalation?
C. What causes air to be pushed out of the lungs during exhalation?

2. Research hyperventilation.
A. What happens to the pH of the blood during hyperventilation? (Give the chemical reaction that causes this pH shift.)
B. How did hyperventilating affect your breathing in this experiment?
3. Why did your breathing rate increase after you ran in place?
4. How does your body adapt to breathing rate and physical exercise? What do you think happens to blood flow?

Questions for Experiment 3: Observation of blood:

1. Describe the appearance and explain the function of each of the following blood components:
A. erythrocyte (RBC)
B. leukocyte (WBC)
C. platelet
2. What is the most prevalent cell type in blood? Explain why.
3. Research and explain why carbon monoxide is poisonous.
4. Research and explain the role of myoglobin in gas exchange in muscle cells.
5. Research hemocyanin, the respiratory pigment in arthropods and some mollusks. Explain why this pigment causes their blood to be blue, rather than red as in mammals.