21. Aerobic training would decrease submaximal heart rate, which is beneficial for aerobic performance because
a. it saves energy used by heart beats.
b. it gives longer time for ventricular filling.
c. a and b.
d. None of above.
22. Aerobic training would ________ anaerobic power during maximal exercise.
a. delay onset of
b. facilitate onset of
c. rely on
23. Compared to untrained individuals, trained endurance athletes have
a. higher maximal heart rates.
b. higher resting cardiac outputs.
c. higher resting heart rates.
d. higher maximal stroke volumes.
24. What is the likely outcome of low volume, low intensity training?
a. increased aerobic capacity
b. increased anaerobic capacity
c. increased aerobic and anaerobic capacity
d. little improvement in either aerobic or anaerobic capacity
25. Which of the following statements explaining the increase in SV after aerobic training is correct?
a. reload, contractility, and afterload increase
b. preload, contractility, and afterload decrease
c. preload and contractility increase, afterload decreases
d. preload decreases, contractility and afterload increase
26. When motor units contract more synchronously,
a. muscles cannot sustain steady forces anymore
b. muscles increase the rate of force development
c. the ability to generate force is impeded
d. a single motor neuron now innervates several motor units
27. In general, whole-muscle hypertrophy in humans most likely results from
a. mostly fiber hyperplasia
b. entirely fiber hyperplasia
c. mostly fiber hypertrophy
d. equal contributions of fiber hypertrophy and fiber hyperplasia
28. Overload can be achieved by
a. increasing intensity.
b. increasing recovery time.
c. a certain type of training.
d. All of above.
29. Resistance training increases force production by
a. neural adaptation followed by intramuscular adaptation.
b. intramuscular adaptation followed by neural adaptation.
c. simultaneous neural and intramuscular adaptation.
30. Training causes an increase in stroke volume due to all of the following except
a. increased filling time.
b. increased left ventricular volume.
c. increased cardiac and arterial stiffness.
d. improved intrinsic contractile function.
31. The risk of DOMS after a given training session can be reduced by which training strategy?
a. train at high intensity with both resistance and anaerobic training components
b. train with primarily intense eccentric exercise
c. reduce eccentric component of muscle action
d. employ more downhill exercise in the training program
32. After anaerobic training, the cross-sectional areas of ______ are larger than before the training.
a. type I fibers
b. type II fibers
c. type I and type II fibers
33. Aerobic training would cause __________ cardiac hypertrophy, which is increased ______________.
a. concentric, the diameter of left ventricle.
b. eccentric, the diameter of left ventricle.
c. concentric, the wall thickness.
d. eccentric, the diameter and wall thickness of left ventricle.
34. In Fartlek training, ___________ is changed based on "how it feels" at the time.
a. intensity
b. duration
c. frequency
d. exercise method (running, swimming, bicycling)
35. Who would be most likely to have similar responses to a given training program?
a. identical twins
b. two 150 lb, 5' 10" athletes
c. two female swimmers
d. two elite 10 k runners
36. Determine which intracellular change is the most contributor to increases in fiber size of cross-sectional area and strength?
a. more sarcoplasm
b. more mitochondria
c. more actin and myosin filaments
d. more connective tissue
37. Absolute strength gains are typically greatest in
a. women
b. men
c. children
d. the elderly
38. After chronic endurance training, RER during submaximal exercise decreased, which indicates that the body is
a. depending more on carbohydrate, less on fat for fuel
b. depending more on protein, less on carbohydrate for fuel
c. depending more on fat, less on protein for fuel
d. depending more on fat, less on carbohydrate for fuel