i) There are roughly 3,000,000,000 base pairs in mammalian genome (genes constitute only small portion of this total)

ii) There are roughly 10,000 genes in mammalian genome

iii) Single gene averages about 10,000 base pairs in size.

problems:

1) On the basis of suppositions given above, in mammalian genome, how many entire base pairs are in all mammalian genes?

2) What proportion (%) of total genome does this represent?

3) Determine the probability that the random mutation will happen in any given gene?

4) Only 1 out of 3 mutations which happen in gene result in the change to protein structure. Determine the probability which a random mutation will modify the structure of the protein?

5) Sickle cell allele (s) remains quite high populations of those with African Ancestry, and worldwide distribution of sickle cell gene matches very closely to the worldwide distribution of Malaria. How would you describe these two observations in terms of natural selection?