problem 1) Describe the physical meaning of each Maxwell equations.

problem 2) prepare down the difference between Dispersion and Distortion?

problem 3) Describe the working principle of DFB laser diodes with appropriate diagram?

problem 4) A SMF has a normalized frequency 2.40, a core refractive index 1.47 and cladding I.465 and a core diameter of 9 μm. Determine insertion loss if it is having lateral offset of 1 μm.

problem 5) What do you mean by Sub Carrier Multiplexing? Describe with appropriate ex.

problem 6) Draw the block diagram of optical communication system and expalin the function of each block.

problem 7) Why the junction capacitance and resistance of a photodiode varies with the junction voltage and load resistance. Also prepare down the advantages of using reverse bias in a photodiodes.

problem 8) Assume an avalanche photodiode has the following parameters: I_L= 1 nA, I_D= 1 nA, n=0.85, F= M^1/2,R_L=10³Ω and B=1kHz.Consider a sinusoidaly iarying 850 nm signal, which has modulation index m=0.85 & an average power level P_o=-50dBm, to fall on the detector at room temperature' Plot the S/N ratio as a "function of M for gains varying from 20 to 100. At what value of M does the maximum S/N occurs.