Answer the following problems.

problem 1) Describe the techniques employed for the scaling up of monolayer cultures.

problem 2) Describe the gene transfer techniques employed for the production of transgenic plants.

problem 3) What are Biofuels? describe their importance and applications.

problem 4) What is Bioremediation? prepare an account on its applications.

problem 5) describe the tools used for homology sequence analysis.

problem 6) prepare a detailed account on the operating systems.

problem 7) What is a patent? Describe its significance in biotechnological research.

problem 8) Describe different types of Blotting techniques with neat labelled diagrams.