problem 1: Define the terms sterilization and disinfection. Describe in detail chemical disinfectants with their applications.

problem 2: prepare brief notes on any two:

a) Bacterial spore.
b) Selective media.
c) Methods of anaerobiosis.

problem 3: Name some organisms causing urinary tract infections. Describe laboratory diagnosis of UTI.

problem 4: prepare brief notes on any two:

a) Tetanus toxoid vaccine.
b) Corynibacterium diphtheriae.
c) V.D.R.L.

problem 5: describe intestinal nematodes. describe life cycle of Ankylostoma duodenale. What are its complications?

problem 6: prepare brief notes on any two:

a) Mycetoma.
b) Trichophyton rubrum.
c) Hydatid cyst.

problem 7: describe transmission of Hepatitis B virus. Describe laboratory diagnosis and its prophylaxis.

problem 8: prepare brief notes on any two:

a) Agglutination reactions and application.
b) Anaphylaxis.
c) Tissue culture.