problem 1:

a) Describe the significance and applications of biotechnology.
b) Define the term biotechnology. Describe the scope and overview of the term biotechnology.

problem 2:

a) What do you mean by rDNA technology? describe the tools and methods for rDNA technology.
b) prepare an account of various types of vectors used in the genetic engineering.

problem 3:

a) What are the various types of media used in the plant tissue culture? describe in brief their preparation and sterilization methods.
b) prepare notes on: Callus culture and Single cell cultures.

problem 4:

a) Give an account on different methods comprised in animal tissue culture.
b) Describe the significance of culture media in animal cell culture.

problem 5:

a) Describe the industrial production of vaccines by using biotechnological methods.
b) describe the commercially significant enzymes and chemicals produced by biotechnological techniques.