Current airbag regulations specify that they must only pass a test designed to protect a 175 pound male who is not wearing a seatbelt. There is currently a discussion of lowering the explosive force by 30%, so that smaller-sized people (including women) would be less subject to injury due to the explosive force of the airbag; this would be adequate to protect seat belted individuals of around 175 pounds, but not enough for substantially heavier individuals or those not wearing seatbelts. (Note:  current airbags cost about $30. to manufacture).

Ethical question:  In one paragraph, discuss what you think of this proposed regulation, which is currently being discussed in the federal government.

1. Suppose that the US military is considering a new lifetime regulation on their helicopter rotor blades.  Instead of using them for 1000 hours (which leads to a likelihood of 5 failures per 10,000 blade sets), they are considering reducing the likelihood of a crash by replacing the blades after 500 hours, thus reducing the likelihood of a crash to 1 failure per 10,000 blade sets.  Assuming a fleet of 10,000 helicopters, and assuming the helicopters are flow for 1000 hours/year, and a cost per set of blades of $5000.

a) Estimate the extra cost per year due to the increased use of blades

b) Estimate the cost savings due to fewer crashes (assume a cost of $1million per helicopter, assume an average of two people in the helicopter, and remember that helicopter crashes are usually fatal).

c) Based on your calculations, what would you recommend? 

2) Determine the bonding type between the following types of atoms:

Al-Ni, Si-Ge, C-O, Fe-O, Ne-Ar

(Hint:  use the electro negativity table in Callister).

3) Explain why a Ti atom is larger than a Cu atom.