In the single-phase interface for a bi-directional power flow, VS =240 V(rms) at 50 Hz and LS = 3.5 mH.. The switch-mode converter is PWM controlled in its linear range with . The converter is controlled such that iS is either in phase or out of phase with VS. Calculate the minimum value of Vd if the power flow through the converter is 5 kW (a) from the ac to the dc side and (b) from the dc to the ac side.