There are two different genes in cantaloupe that affect fruit shape (Gene S) and fruit color (Gene C). The dominant wild-type fruit color in cantaloupe is orange, and is coded for by the allele "s+". A mutant recessive color-allele "s" causes the fruit to be purple in a homozygous state. Wild-type cantaloupes are oblong and have at least one dominant allele "c+", while cantaloupes having two copies of the recessive mutant allele "c" are cube-shaped (it's true... look it up... perfectly cube-shaped). Consider the testcross s+s c+c X sscc. Such a cross produces the following progeny:

Fruit Color Fruit Shape Observed
progeny
Orange Cube 423
Orange Oblong 67
Purple Cube 72
Purple Oblong 438
Total:

How many purple, cube progeny would be expected if the two genes were unlinked?
a. 0
b. 250
c. 333
d. 500
e. none of the above.

Are the two genes linked to one another? In order to ask this question, one would calculate a chi-square test statistic to see whether or not the observed progeny phenotypes are significantly different from the expected progeny phenotypes. The chi-square test statistic calculated from the above observed:expected progeny arrays is (to the nearest whole number):

198
347
430
522
none of the above

From the chi-square test statistic, you can use your provided table of chi-square critical values to determine a p-value. Is the p-value less than 0.05, and if so, what does that mean?

yes, the genes are linked to one another.
yes, the genes are unlinked.
no, the genes are not linked to one another.
no, the genes are unlinked.
none of the above.