Briefly answer the following:

a) system consisting of 1 kg of saturated water vapor at 100KPa and 101.3C is cooled unitl the system exists a saturated liquid. The change of entropy for this process is:(-6.0476kj/(kg k)) (i.e a decrease of 6.0476 kj/(kg k)). Does this process violate the ''Increase in Entropy Principle"? explain why or why not.

b) In going from thermodynamic state 1 to thermodynamic state 2 for a pure substance, through a heat addition process, what is the significance of evaluating dQ/T using an isentropic process path between these two states?

c) For a given compression ratio, which cycle is more efficient, Diesel or Otto? Explain.

d) What is the fundamental theoretical difference affecting overall thermal efficiency between a carnot cycle process and an ideal cycle process (such as a Diesel or Otto cycle)?

e) why is the condenser of a Rankine cycle process run under vacuum conditions?