Biochemistry

Fill in the Blank

1.  An atom is to a molecule, as monomer is to a(an)                              .

2.  Dietary fiber is an example of the macromolecule called                                           .

3.  A protein that functions as a biological catalyst in chemical reactions is called a/an                                      .

4.  Most cholesterol is used to synthesize                               , which regulate the body's functions.

5.  A phospholipid contains                                    fatty acid tails.

6.  Fats are described as saturated if they have the element                              at every available bond.

7.  Dehydration synthesis is critical in the                                      of one amino acid to another amino acid.

8.  Compounds that release H+ in solution are called                                        .

9.  A solution with a pH of 4 has                            free floating hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 9.

10.   Variations in the                             of each amino acid will give rise to the variation in the chemical nature of proteins.

11.   An enzyme is the product of the                                      , which is stored in the nucleus of the cell.

12.   Carbohydrates are largely considered our source of                              in the body.

Multiple Choice

           13. The chemical properties of an atom are determined by the number of

A. protons.

B. electrons.

C. neutrons.

D. protons + neutrons.

           14. The core element of all the macromolecules is

A. nitrogen.

B. hydrogen.

C. carbon.

D. oxygen.

E. calcium

           15. Proteins are formed using            different amino acids.

A. 3

B. 10

C. 20

D. 40

E. 80

           16. Individual proteins can form globular shapes. This results from reactions among R groups. These globular proteins exhibit the complexity                 structure.

A. primary

B. secondary

C. tertiary

D. quaternary

E. hexagonal

           17. The enzyme, Amylase, which digests starch and is found in the saliva is an example of a/an

A.  cofactors.

B. isomers.

C. isoenzymes.

D. protein.

E. cosubstrates.

           18. Which of the following is (are) hydrophobic?

A. glucose

B. cholesterol

C. amino acids

D. proteins

E. disaccharides

           19. The reaction glucose + glucose → disaccride is an example of

A. an exchange reaction.

B. a dehydration synthesis reaction.

C. a decomposition reaction.

D. a catalyzed reaction.

E. an exergonic reaction.

           20. Which of the following is a monomer?

A. glucose

B. sucrose

C. maltose

D. lactose

E. cellulose

           21. The formula for an amine group is

A. COOH.

B. CH3.

C. OH.

D. NH2.

E. SH.

           22. A chain of 30 amino acids would be classified as a(an)

A. fatty acid.

B. nucleic acid.

C. polysaccharide.

D. polypeptide.

E. triglyceride.

           23. Proteins can serve all of the following functions except

A. catalyze metabolic reactions.

B. give structural strength to cells and tissues.

C. produce muscular and other forms of movement.

D. regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells.

E. store hereditary information.

           24. All of the following are minerals in the human body except

A. sulfur.

B. zinc.

C. sodium.

D. calcium.

E. glucose.

           25. In proteins the           determines the function.

A. the RNA

B. the structure

C. the cell

D. the hormones

Matching

           26. Carbohydrates            a. coded for in the DNA

           27. Lipids                          b. nature exhibited by Crisco in water

           28. Proteins                       c. made of phospholipids

           29. Nucleic Acids               d. uses deoxyribose as a sugar

           30. Hydrophobic                 e. example is high fructose corn syrup

           31. Cell Membranes           f. a sequence of these molecules is a gene

           32. DNA                            g. contains a sugar-phosphate backbone

           33. Amino Acids                 h. estrogen and testosterone contain this molecule

           34. Nucleotides                   i. monomer that is a source of nitrogen

           35. Cholesterol                    j. needed for hormones, insulation and structure

Short Answer

36. Describe the structure of a phospholipid and how its nature towards water makes it an ideal component of our cell membranes.

37. Why is carbon an ideal element for life forms?

38. What is the relationship between DNA and protein?

39. There is a diversity of enzymes/proteins produced in the body. How can we account for this diversity?

40. What function do carbohydrates serve our bodies? Why are lipids, which contain more covalent bonds per oz. than carbohydrates, not used for this function primarily?

41. Why are unsaturated fats supposedly better for us than the saturated fats?

42. What evidence exists for the statement "You are what you eat."

43. What is the function of the DNA?

44. How does the body maintain a pH of 7.4?

45. How is it that cancer is a "Disease of the Genome"?

46. What was the most interesting fact you learned in this section?