Assignment

Part 1: Multipal Choice Section

1. In the scientific method, a hypothesis ____________.

A) is a statement of fact

B) is a proposed explanation based on observations

C) is usually proven to be correct

D) can only be tested once

E) all of the above

2. What is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?

I. State the problem

II. Analyze and interpret the data

III. Develop a hypothesis

IV. Share the results with other scientists

V. Design and perform an experiment to test the hypothesis

A) I>II > III > IV > V

B) III > I > V > II > IV

C) V> IV > III > II > I

D) I> III > V >II > IV

E) V > II > I > III > IV

3. You examine a cell under a microscope and you see a well defined nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. You conclude that the cell must be a __________________ cell.

A) Eukaryotic, animal

B) Prokaryotic, plant

C) Eukaryotic, Plant

D) Prokaryotic, animal

4. The form of RNA that is complementary to DNA and carries information from the DNA to the site where protein is synthesized as directed by the genetic code/the location where such protein synthesis occurs.

A) messenger RNA/nucleus

B) transfer RNA/cytosol

C) messenger RNA/cytosol

D) ribosomal RNA/nucleus

E) messenger RNA/nucleus

5. You have formulated a hypothesis that light is necessary for seed germination.

To test your hypothesis, one set of lettuce seeds is placed in light with warm temperatures and adequate moisture. Another set of identical seeds is placed in the dark under the same set of conditions. The control in the experiment is

A) seeds in the dark

B) seeds in the light

C) warm temperature

D) adequate moisture

E) germination rate

6. The following reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme: 2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂

Identify the correct substrate/enzyme combination when this reaction is catalyzed in a yeast cell:

A) catalase/hydrogen peroxide

B) hydrogen peroxide/yeast

C) hydrogen peroxide/catalase

D) oxygen/catalase

E) water/yeast

7. If the amounts of bases in a DNA molecule are measured, you would find that

A) A = C and G = T

B) A = G and C = T

C) T = A and C = G

D) A = U and C = G

E) U= C and A = G

8. Which statement best describes the relationship between plants and animals on earth?

A) plants produce O₂ and sugars from CO₂

B) animals produce CO₂ and H₂O from sugars and O₂

C) plants produce O₂ and sugars and animals produce CO₂ and H₂O

D) animals produce O₂ and sugars and plants produce CO₂ and H₂O

9. A substance dissolved in water with a pH equal to 7 is __________, while a substance dissolved in water with a pH greater than 7 is __________.

A) neutral, basic

B) acidic, basic

C) basic, acidic

D) neutral, acidic

10. The carbon source for organisms that perform photosynthesis is _______________.

A) carbohydrate

B) carbon dioxide

C) methane

D) glucose

Use the following information to answer questions 11&12 below.

A group of medical researchers recently investigated the effects of Drug X on lowering blood pressure in a group of hypertensive middle-aged women. The researchers did the following experiment and obtained the indicated results: One group of 150 women took a tablet containing Drug X for 3 weeks - 95 of these women decreased their blood pressure by at least 10% (three women from this group dropped out of the study). Another group of 150 women was given a tablet with no added Drug X for 3 weeks - 10 of these women decreased their blood pressure by at least 10% (two women from this group dropped out of the study).

11. Which of the following was the control group in this experiment?

A) The group of participants that received tablets containing Drug X

B) The group of participants that received tablets that did not contain Drug X

C) The number of participants in each group at the beginning of the experiment

D) The number of participants in each group at the end of the experiment

E) The amount of Drug X contained in the tablet

12. Which of the following is the most reasonable and accurate conclusion based on the results obtained in this experiment?

A) Drug X is good for hypertensive women

B) Drug X is good for both men and women

C) Hypertensive women receiving Drug X for 3 weeks may show a decrease in blood pressure

D) Hypertensive women receiving Drug X for 3 weeks may show an increase in blood pressure

E) Drug X has no effect on blood pressure

13. All proteins found in living things are made of _____________________.

A) Simple sugars

B) Fatty acids

C) Amino acids

D) Nucleotides

14. All of the following are features of eukaryotic cells EXCEPT _______________.

A) Has membrane-bound organelles

B) Has a circular chromosome

C) Has DNA as genetic material

D) Has a membrane-bound nucleus

15. All of the offspring (over 1,000 offspring) from two parent plants have the example genotype Aa for a hypothetical gene. For this gene the parents can be symbolized as:

A) AA x aa

B) Aa x Aa

C) Aa x aa

D) AA x Aa

16. In a deciduous oak forest of the American northeast, one example of an abiotic component of the ecosystem would be ___________.

A) Worms in the soil that feed on plant roots

B) Worms in the soil that feed on dead organic matter

C) Sunlight that filters through the canopy

D) Plants and animals in a specific area

17. If a bird eats an insect that ate a plant, the bird would be considered a(n)

A) Autotroph

B) Primary producer

C) Primary consumer

D) Secondary consumer

E) Tertiary consumer

18. Two atoms with the same atomic number, but different mass numbers are called _____________.

A) Nuclei

B) Proteins

C) Isotopes

D) Radioactive

19. The smallest unit of life is the__________.

A) Cell

B) Organelle

C) Macromolecule

D) Atom

20. The energy required for photosynthesis is provided by:

A) Proteins

B) Chemosynthesis

C) Sunlight

D) Chlorophyll

E) Carbohydrates

Part 2: FILL IN THE BLANK SECTION

1. You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude, it must be a __________ cell.

2. Label C in the diagram points to a(n) ________________ .

3. A parent cell has 8 chromosomes. The cell undergoes mitosis and each daughter cell will have _____________ chromosomes.

4. A dog gets many nutrients from its food including amino acids. What macromolecule can be built directly from amino acids _________.?

5. Transcription is to an mRNA molecule as translation is to ____________________.

6. The observation of numerous species of finches in the Galapagos Islands by Charles Darwin, each with unique beak shape that provided advantages for different food sources helped him to later formulate the theory of _________________________.

7. One of the strongest chemical bonds is formed when atoms share outer-shell electrons. This type of chemical bond is called a _____bond.

8. __________ is a term that describes an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

9. Carbon has _________ neutrons and __________ electrons

10. Amylase is an enzyme that allows the human body to digest starch. Select the diagram on the next page that best represents the structure of the substrate that amylase acts on and enter the correct number (either 1, 2, 3, or 4) for that diagram here.

Part 3: SHORT ANSWER SECTION

Complete all 4 questions in this Short Answer Section

1. Suppose someone presented data from their research that showed the DNA of a newly discovered species was composed of: 30% adenine, 30% guanine, 20% thymine, and 20% cytosine. Based on what you know about DNA structure, explain why these data do not make sense.

2. A population of grasshoppers in the Kansas prairie has two color phenotypes, green and brown. Typically, the prairie receives adequate water to maintain healthy, green grass. Assume a bird that eats grasshoppers moves into the prairie. How will this affect natural selection of the grasshoppers? How might this change in a drought year?

3. DNA and RNA are similar yet distinct components of the cell. Describe three differences between RNA and DNA with respect to their chemical composition and structure. Provide a detailed description of each characteristic you chose in your response.

4. When a rabbit eats the lettuce in your garden, all of the energy in the lettuce is used by the rabbit. Is this statement true or false? Defend your answer.

Part 4: ESSAY SECTION

Complete 3 out of 5 questions in this Essay Section

QUESTIONS

1. Explain the process of cell division in animals. Include a description of interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.

2. (required) List the four "large molecules of life." Identify their composition and structure, and describe one function they perform in the cell.

3. How can you explain the occurrence of birth defects (caused by altered genes) in children and grandchildren of WWII atomic bomb victims, when the victims themselves were only mildly affected?

4. During the past 50 years, more than 200 species of insects that attack crop plants have become highly resistant to DDT and other pesticides. Based on what you have learned in this class regarding evolution, explain the rapid and widespread evolution of resistance. Now that DDT has been banned in the US, what do you expect to happen to levels of resistance to DDT among insect populations?

5. Water is crucial for life as we know it. One of the most important characteristics of water is its ability to act as a solvent. Explain why water is such a good solvent for polar and charged molecules.