All questions are compulsory. The first five questions shall be of 16 marks each and last question shall be of 20 marks.

Q.1. A. In the Hardy Cross analysis of a pipe network, what is the only restriction on the initial assumption of flow rates in each pipe of the system?

B. How can aeration improve drinking water quality? What Methods are available to aerate water?

Q.2. A. Sketch a biogeochemical cycle for two different macronutrients.

B. How can thermal pollution be controlled or eliminated?

Q.3. A. Briefly describe two methods for measuring discharge in an open channel.

B. Briefly discuss STCs and NRCs as related to noise pollution control

Q.4. A. What do ppm, ppb, and gpg stand for?

B. What is the difference between a lateral and a sub main sewer? What is an interceptor sewer?

Q.5. A. What is bioremediation? Briefly discuss how it is accomplished for VOCs and for chlorinated hydrocarbons. What is natural bioremediation?

B. Briefly discuss the design procedure for a storm water detention basin.

Q.6. A. What is the difference between the zone of aeration and the zone of saturation?

B. What is the basic building block of a sanitary landfill? How is it constructed? Make a Sketch to illustrate your answer. What kind of equipment or machinery is used to construct and operate the landfill?

C. Identity and briefly discuss the major greenhouse gases.