Q1. About 5 percent of individuals with Down syndrome have a chromosomal translocation in which a third copy of chromosome 21 is attached to chromosome 14. If this translocation occurred in a parent's gonad, how can it lead to Down syndrome in a child?

Q2. During a physical exam a child complained of frequent breathlessness. An angiocardiogram was performed and it was found that he had a patent ductus arteriosus. Examine the location and function of ductus arteriosus in the fetus and relate it to the reason for the boy's breathlessness.