a) If you start with 0.4 M buffer in the acid form (pKa 7.2) and then add KOH to 0.2 M, what will be the pH?

b) If you add 0.03 M more KOH to the solution in part a, what will be the pH?  ΔpH

c) If you add 0.03 M HCl to the solution in part a, what will be the pH?  ΔpH

d) If you start over with 0.4 M  buffer in the acid form (pKa 7.2) and then add KOH to 0.35 M, what will be the pH?

e) If you add 0.03 M more KOH to the solution in part d, what will be the pH?  ΔpH from 'd'?

f) If you add 0.03 M HCl to the solution in part d, what will be the pH?  ΔpH from 'd'?

g) Case d had a higher total buffer concentration, but was it a better buffer than case a?

h) Was there a difference in buffering efficiency between addition of KOH versus HCl and was this difference amplified in case d?  Comment on why your answer makes sense.