problem 1:

a) Describe the evolutionary origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.
b) With the help of diagram distinguish between the functioning of light microscope and transmission electron microscope.

problem 2:

a) describe the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum.
b) Describe the monomers of carbohydrates.

problem 3:

a) Describe any two kinds of chemical bonds giving one illustration of each.
b) Describe the self assembly of E. coli 70S ribosome.

problem 4:

a) What do you mean by the term osmotic pressure and how can it be computed?
b) With the help of an illustration describe the process of active transport through ion gradients.

problem 5: List out the kinds of enzymes and discuss the genetic control of enzyme action.

problem 6: With the help of diagrams show the given.

a) Four phases of metabolism for generating NADH + H+ and ATP. 4
b) Conversion of sucrose to starch in developing seeds.
c) Conversion of starch to sucrose on germination.

problem 7:

a) Describe the structure and function of nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell.
b) Link the steps included in initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain synthesis in eukaryotes.

problem 8:

a) describe the role of cyclic AMP as second messenger.
b) describe the mechanisms of regulation of cell division.

problem 9:

a) Draw labeled diagrams exhibiting the chromosomal events throughout the phases of meiosis I.
b) Describe the concept of intercellular recognition and cell aggregation giving any two illustrations.

problem 10: describe the structure and function of any one kind of tissue, each from animals and plants.