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  1. Patients in shock experience decreased delivery of O2 to tissues, decreased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and increased anaerobic metabolism. Excess pyruvate is converted to lactate, which accumulates in the tissues and the blood, causing lactic acidosis. Since O2 is not a product or a reactant of the citric acid cycle, why do low levels of O2 decrease the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
  2. You add the inhibitor rotenone, an inhibitor of Complex I, to a respiring mitochondrial preparation. After a period of time has passed, what will be the effect on oxygen consumption? Explain. You add succinate to the rotonone inhibited preparation. What will be the effect on ATP generation? Explain.
  3. Two major symptoms of dinitrophenol poisoning are hyperventilation and sweating. Explain each with reference to the mechanism of action of DNP.
  4. Explain how dinitrophenol causes weight loss.
  5. A body was found and diagnosed as having died due to oxygen deprivation. Explain why the toxicology tests included a test for cyanide poisoning.
  6. Attractyloside is a toxic glycoside from a Mediterrean thistle that specifically inhibits the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. Why does attractyloside cause electron transport to be inhibited as well?
  7. A deficiency of carnitine results in muscle cramps, which are increased by exercise or fasting. (Hint: ATP is needed for muscle contraction. In the absence of enough ATP, muscles will cramp).
  8. What is the role of carnitine in ATP production? Write the reaction in which carnitine is involved.
  9. Give a biochemical explanation why the cramping increases during fasting.
  10. Give a biochemical explanation why the cramping increases during exercise.

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  • Category:- Biology
  • Reference No.:- M9355168

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