General 
1. What is the major carrier of the fat-soluble vitamins from the intestinal epithelial cell to the circulation?
HTMLDirect A) Chylomicrons.
HTMLDirect B) Albumin.
HTMLDirect C) Cholesterol.
HTMLDirect D) Liposoluble binding proteins.
Vitamins Nomenclature 
2. The most active form of vitamin E is
HTMLDirect A) Retinol
HTMLDirect B) Alpha-tocopherol
HTMLDirect C) Phylloquinone
HTMLDirect D) Cobalamin
HTMLDirect E) Beta-carotene
Vitamin A Sources 
3. Which of the following is the most likely side effect for a person who regularly consumes large quantities of carrots or carrot juice?
HTMLDirect A) Bone pain 
HTMLDirect B) Dermatitis 
HTMLDirect C) Skin yellowing 
HTMLDirect D) Vitamin A toxicity
4. Greg says that he usually eats 1 medium carrot every day to ensure that he's consuming enough vitamin A. Today he said he didn't eat any carrots and is worried that there is not enough vitamin A in his system. What would you say to Greg to allay his fear?
HTMLDirect A) "Take a vitamin A supplement as soon as you can!" 
HTMLDirect B) "As long as you eat some chicken tonight you will not develop chicken eyes" 
HTMLDirect C) "Well, there isn't any vitamin A in carrots so you probably haven't consumed vitamin A for some time now" 
HTMLDirect D) "Don't worry; fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body. It takes a lot longer than one day to develop any adverse effects"
Vitamin A Function 
5. Which of the following describes an association of vitamin A and vision?
HTMLDirect A) Light causes retinal to shift from a cis to a trans configuration
HTMLDirect B) Retinoic acid is the form required for synthesis of retinoblasts.
HTMLDirect C) Pigment molecules in the retina are composed of a molecule of vitamin A bound to an omega-3 fatty acid.
HTMLDirect D) Retinoic acid is the form bound to rhodopsin in the membrane of the retina.
HTMLDirect E) A and D are both true.
6. As far as is known, vitamin A does NOT play an important role in which of the following processes?
HTMLDirect A) Blood clotting.
HTMLDirect B) Growth of bones and teeth.
HTMLDirect C) Synthesis of visual pigment.
HTMLDirect D) Maintaining mucous membranes.
HTMLDirect E) Gene regulation
Vitamin A - Deficiency and Toxicity 
7. Xeropthalmia 
HTMLDirect A) results when vitamin A is chronically taken above the UL.
HTMLDirect B) is night blindness that could lead to retinal dysfunction with time.
HTMLDirect C) results in permanent blindness because of damage to the cornea.
HTMLDirect D) results in overproduction of mucous and thus a blurriness to vision.
Vitamin D - Sources 
8. Which is TRUE about the vitamin D in food? If none are true, then mark E.
HTMLDirect A) Skim milk is low in vitamin D compared to whole milk because of the reduced fat content.
HTMLDirect B) Grains are fortified with vitamin D in the United States.
HTMLDirect C) Beef and pork provide over half the vitamin D in adult diets in America.
HTMLDirect D) Because breast milk is high in vitamin D, only formula-fed infants are at risk for rickets.
HTMLDirect E) None of the above are true.
Vitamin D - Function 
9. In what tissue(s) must a molecule of vitamin D be chemically altered to yield a compound that is fully active?
HTMLDirect A) Liver only
HTMLDirect B) Kidney only 
HTMLDirect C) Liver and kidney 
HTMLDirect D) Liver and intestines
10. the major target organs for the action of activated vitamin D include all of the following except the..

HTMLDirect A) liver.

HTMLDirect B) bone.
HTMLDirect C) kidney.
HTMLDirect D) intestine.
Vitamin D - Malnutrition 
11. Which of the following symptoms would indicate a vitamin D deficiency?
HTMLDirect A) Bowed legs
HTMLDirect B) Rupture of red blood cells 
HTMLDirect C) Frequent respiratory infections 
HTMLDirect D) Abnormally high blood calcium level
Vitamin E - Sources 
12. Which of the following is NOT a good source of vitamin E in the American diet?
HTMLDirect A) Vegetable oils
HTMLDirect B) Potato
HTMLDirect C) Green leafy vegetables
HTMLDirect D) Seed and nuts
Vitamin E - Function 
13. How is vitamin E thought to play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease?
HTMLDirect A) It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins.
HTMLDirect B) It inhibits absorption of dietary cholesterol.
HTMLDirect C) It interferes with cholesterol synthesis by the liver.
HTMLDirect D) It speeds removal of blood cholesterol by the liver.
Antioxidants 
14. Free radicals are
HTMLDirect A) reduced in the presence of vitamin E.
HTMLDirect B) produced during normal metabolism when oxygen is needed.
HTMLDirect C) good in small amounts for killing bacteria in the body.
HTMLDirect D) Only A and B are true.
HTMLDirect E) A, B, and C are all true.
15. Tomatoes are rich in lycopene which is known to be effective as an antioxidant. 
HTMLDirect A) True
HTMLDirect B) False
Vitamin K 
16. Of the following, which would most readily induce a vitamin K deficiency?
HTMLDirect A) Orally taken antibiotic therapy.
HTMLDirect B) viral infection.
HTMLDirect C) Presence of oxalic acid in food.
HTMLDirect D) Insufficient intake of protein.
17. Bo has just had a baby girl. When she brings the child home, she regales you with the details of her hospital stay. She mentions that shortly after the birth, the child received an intramuscular injection of vitamin K, and she wondered why this was done, as it made her cry. You describeed that it
HTMLDirect A) Prevented possible bleeding events.
HTMLDirect B) Was needed to promote good bone growth.
HTMLDirect C) Protected the baby from lipid oxidation.
HTMLDirect D) Was needed to prevent eye disease.
Fat Soluble Vitamins - General problems 
18. Which of the following functions is shared by beta-carotene and vitamin E?
HTMLDirect A) Inhibition of oxidation 
HTMLDirect B) Prevention of keratinization
HTMLDirect C) Inhibition of bone calcium loss 
HTMLDirect D) Prevention of hemolytic anemia
19. Which of the following is a feature of taking high-dose supplements of vitamin A as retinal?
HTMLDirect A) They increase risk of birth defects. 
HTMLDirect B) They are effective in treating acne.
HTMLDirect C) They lead to keratinization of tissue.
HTMLDirect D) They reduce risk for neural tube defects.
20. Studies in developing countries have demonstrated that the mortality rate of children with measles can be significantly reduced by providing supplements of
HTML Direct A) iron. 
HTML Direct B) vitamin A. 
HTML Direct C) folic acid. 
HTMLDirect D) phylloquinone.