1. Spicy food is more commonly found:

a. in geographical locations and climates where microbes grow quickly in food.

b. wherever onions, garlic, and chilies can be grown.

c. in cultures where spicy food is believed to be an aphrodisiac.

d. in geographical locations and climates, which are relatively cool year-round.

e. in geographical locations and climates where only bland food can be grown.

2. The four stages of food processing, in sequential order, are:

a. ingestion, absorption, digestion, and elimination.

b. absorption, ingestion, digestion, and elimination.

c. digestion, ingestion, absorption, and elimination.

d. ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

e. digestion, absorption, ingestion, and elimination.

3. Why do beans sometimes cause gastrointestinal distress?

a. Beans are very acidic and tend to cause ulcers in the stomach if ingested in substantial amounts.

b. Beans contain sugars that are digested by intestinal bacteria; this results in the production of gas, cramps, and flatulence.

c. Beans contain lactose, which is converted to intestinal gas in lactose-intolerant people.

d. Beans are not complete proteins, and so without simultaneous consumption of complementary proteins, they cannot be digested completely.

e. Beans produce nitrogen gas in the intestines that creates discomfort and flatulence.

4. The fat-soluble vitamins include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. vitamin E.

b. vitamin A.

c. vitamin K.

d. vitamin B.

e. vitamin D.

5. Which of the following best explains why water must be included in the diet?

a. Water is always needed to wash food down the esophagus.

b. Water must be consumed whenever salt is lost from the body.

c. It is impossible to drink too much water.

d. The need to drink water is found in all animals.

e. Water is lost in defecation, respiration, and urination.

6. Which of the following statements about the small intestine is FALSE?

a. It receives secretions from the gall bladder.

b. It is the longest part of the digestive tract.

c. It contains many tiny folds and projections along its inner surface.

d. It is the primary site of digestion and absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

e. All of the above actually are true about the small intestine.

7. Which of the following is NOT true of the human appendix?

a. It has no known role in human digestion.

b. It is a pouch off the large intestine.

c. It is the primary site where symbiotic bacteria break down cellulose.

d. Recent research suggests it may play a role in immune function.

e. It is an evolutionary remnant from our herbivorous ancestors.

8. Herbivorous animals:

a. consume only plants.

b. generally consume other animals along with some plant material.

c. can sometimes carry out photosynthesis at a low rate.

d. absorb most of their nutrients from dead organic matter.

9. On food packages, "insoluble fiber" refers to plant material that we can't fully digest but is important for maintaining a healthy digestive tract. This substance refers to a(n):

a. polypeptides.

b. protein.

c. nucleic acid.

d. carbohydrate.

e. lipid.

10. Diabetes is caused by:

a. starvation.

b. a diet extremely rich in simple sugars.

c. obesity.

d. not getting enough sugar in the diet.

e. a person's inability to produce insulin or the failure of their cells to respond to insulin.

11. Human females require around 1,400 kcal per day and human males around 1,700 kcal per day to survive. Which of the following accounts for the difference in energy requirements between males and females?

a. On average males tend to be more active.

b. Males are typically larger than females and so have more energy requirements.

c. Females are typically more sedentary and so require less energy.

d. Energy requirements are based on height, and males tend to be taller than females.

e. The reproductive systems in males require more energy.

12. If a hummingbird weighing 5 grams has a basal metabolic rate of 14 calories per hour per gram, how many calories must it consume DAILY just to fuel its resting metabolism?

a. 1,680 calories

b. 14 calories

c. 70 calories

d. 70 kilocalories

e. It cannot be determined from the information given.

13. For vegetarians, what does "balancing complementary proteins" mean?

a. It means one must ingest plant proteins (which individually lack some of the essential amino acids) in combination, in order to get all the essential amino acids in one meal.

b. Plant proteins are less stable than animal proteins, so vegetarians need to prepare and eat protein-containing plant food immediately after preparation.

c. Vegetarians need to eat about as many calories of protein as they do carbohydrates and lipids.

d. Plant proteins cannot be broken down easily by the stomach, so they must be eaten in greater amounts in order to get enough protein.

e. Vegetarians must be willing to eat protein from some animal sources (like eggs and milk) in order to get enough protein in their diets.

14. For humans, basal metabolic rate (BMR) is approximately:

a. 10 calories per hour per gram of body weight.

b. 100 calories per hour per gram of body weight.

c. 1 calorie per hour per gram of body weight.

d. 1,000 calories (1 kcal) per hour per gram of body weight.

e. 10,000 calories (10 kcal) per hour per gram of body weight.

15. Which digestive enzymes are secreted in the stomach?

a. insulin

b. pepsin

c. the same enzymes found in the product called Beano

d. cellulose-digesting enzymes

e. alpha-amylase

16. Saturated fatty acids have _________________ than unsaturated fatty acids, which is why they exist as a ____________ at room temperature.

a. fewer double bonds; solid

b. more double bonds; gel

c. more carbon atoms; solid

d. fewer hydrogen atoms; gel

e. more glycerol molecules; liquid

17. Which of the following statements is true about a healthy diet?

a. Humans should increase their caloric intake as they get older.

b. Simple sugars should be eaten more often than complex carbohydrates.

c. Physical activity is unrelated to dietary health.

d. Vegetarians must take protein supplement pills to remain healthy.

e. The quality of what we eat is as important as the quantity.

18. If a person doesn't ingest enough calories:

a. vitamins and minerals may accumulate to toxic levels.

b. sugars will accumulate in the urine.

c. a person then becomes dehydrated.

d. muscles will be broken down to provide protein.

e. a person then cannot properly digest lipids.

19. Carnivores are:

a. all mammals.

b. usually herbivorous for part of their life cycle.

c. organisms that produce their own energy through metabolic processes.

d. rarely predators.

e. organisms that consume animals.

20.) There are three main categories of weight-loss interventions. These are:

a. surgery, behavior modification, and drugs.

b. drugs, abstinence, and surgery.

c. exercise, drugs, and behavior modification.

d. abstinence, exercise, and surgery.

e. behavior modification, abstinence, and exercise.