1) James Hutton used the term _________________to compare present-day rock cycle to ancient rock cycles; the geologic processes operating today were the same ones operating in the past.

2) The ___________________ states that in a sequence ofsedimentary rock layers, the bottom layers are older than the top layers; the bottom layers were deposited first.

3) Nicholas Steno, a Danish physician living in Italy in 1669, proposed that the Earth's strata accumulated with three basic principles. List Steno's three principles.

4) This principle statesthat the oldest fossils in a series of sedimentaryrock layers will be found in the lowest layer.__________________________

5) The broadest division of geologic time is the ________________
a. epoch b. stage c. eon d. era e. period

6) ________________ are 3 astronomical cycles responsible for climate change on Earth by altering the amount of solar radiation our planet receives from its star.

7) The use of fossils in stratigraphy is referred to as _________________. If the original organism is short lived andabundant over a large area, it is called a/an ______________.

8) About 1.1 Ga (billion years ago), North American was part of the supercontinent of _______________. The continents adjacent to what was then the western margin of North America were __________ and ______________.

9) During Cambrian time (~510 Ma), what was happening along the western edge of North America? What types of rocks or sediments were being formed/deposited?

10) In Middle Ordovician time (~470 Ma), what was the name of the landmass approaching western North America?________________

11) In Middle Ordovician time (~470 Ma), what geologic processes were occurring in what is now southern Utah and Northern Arizona? _____
a. mountain building d. sediment deposition by rivers
b. sediment deposition by wind e. sediment deposition in a shallow sea
c. sediment deposition in deep ocean

12) What was the Antler Orogeny (describe the geologic process/es)?