1. Describe the three stages of cellular respiration, where they occur in the cell, the substrates and reactants for each stage, and the number of ATP each stage produces.

2. Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by a recessive allele, and so it appears only as a homozygous recessive genotype. Two parents without cystic fibrosis have a child who does have the disease. Explain what happened and include a Punnett square in your answer. (You can use a word-processor table with three columns and three rows to draw the Punnett square, and watch out for automatic capitalization. If your word-processor cannot draw a table, then describe what is in each cell of the table.)

3. How did the phrase "dumb jock" come to be? (This is a rhetorical question.) The phrase reflects two characteristics, intelligence and athletic prowess. Let us suppose that above average intelligence occurs in 25 out 100 children and superior athletic prowess occurs in 1 out 50 children. Using the rules of multiplication or addition, calculate the odds on a person having above average intelligence AND athletic prowess.

4. List the four basic tissue types and provide a brief definition of each.

5. Explain what causes hair to lose its color, that is, go gray as we age.

6. Name the three phases of early embryonic development, and relate what happens in each phase.

7. Relate three reasons why the great influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 was so devastating to the world's population.

8. List and describe four characteristics of bacteria that distinguish them from other life forms.