1. Complement is normally:
a. present in an active state in the blood.
b. present in an inactive state in the blood.
c. considered a first line of defense.
d. a passive type of immunity.

2. Another name for "hardening of the arteries" is:
a. angina pectoris.
b. myocardial infarction.
c. atherosclerosis.
d. embolism.

3. The tunica externa is made up of __________ tissue.
a. epithelial
b. connective
c. muscle
d. nervous

4. The arch of aorta is a(n):
a. artery.
b. vein.
c. capillary.
d. venule.

5. In clot formation, prothrombin is converted to:
a. fibrin.
b. fibrinogen.
c. thrombin.
d. thromboplastin.

6. Atherosclerosis results from a buildup of __________ on the inside wall of blood vessels.
a. lipids
b. cells
c. iron
d. protein

7. Which of the following substances is not found in plasma?
a. hormones
b. food
c. oxygen
d. All of the choices apply

8. When the ventricles contract, blood in the right ventricle is pumped through the semilunar valve into the:
a. pulmonary veins.
b. pulmonary artery.
c. superior vena cava.
d. aorta.

9. Thrombocytes are necessary for:
a. blood clotting.
b. body defense.
c. transporting glucose.
d. transporting oxygen.

10. If the left ventricle pumps 70 mL of blood into the aorta, and the heart beats 70 times per minute, which of the answers below is the closest to the amount of blood that would enter the aorta and arteries every minute?
a. 3 liters
b. 4 liters
c. 5 liters
d. 6 liters

11. The skin and mucous membranes are examples of:
a. the first line of defense.
b. the second line of defense.
c. the third line of defense.
d. complement.

12. The tonsils located near the base of the tongue are called the __________ tonsils.
a. palatine
b. pharyngeal
c. lingual
d. laryngeal

13. Pulmonary circulation involves movement of the blood:
a. throughout the heart.
b. throughout the body.
c. from the right side of the heart to the lungs.
d. from the left side of the heart to the lungs.

14. Blood entering an artery has just left which heart chamber?
a. Left ventricle
b. Left atrium
c. Right ventricle
d. Either the left ventricle or the right ventricle

15. Rh-positive blood contains Rh antigens on its red blood cells.
a. True
b. False

16. Blood enters the right atrium through the:
a. superior vena cava.
b. pulmonary arteries.
c. pulmonary veins.
d. aorta.

17. In fetal circulation, the ductus venosus:
a. removes blood from the fetus to the placenta.
b. connects the pulmonary artery with the aorta.
c. bypasses the liver.
d. shunts blood from the right atrium into the left atrium.

18. Which part of the QRS complex represents the repolarization of the atria?
a. The Q wave
b. The R wave
c. The S wave
d. None of the choices apply

19. On an ECG, the T wave represents:
a. depolarization of the atria.
b. repolarization of the atria.
c. depolarization of the ventricles.
d. repolarization of the ventricles.

20. Type AB blood contains both A and B antigens on the red blood cells.
a. True
b. False

21. A heartbeat that is less than 60 beats per minute is called:
a. tachycardia.
b. bradycardia.
c. sinus dysrhythmia.
d. fibrillation.

22. Which of the following is not usually found in lymph?
a. Excess fluid
b. Protein molecules
c. Platelets
d. All of the choices apply

23. Cardiogenic shock will most likely occur from:
a. myocardial infarction.
b. hypovolemia.
c. anaphylaxis.
d. septicemia.

24. Which of the following is a superficial vein in the arm?
a. Great saphenous
b. Cephalic
c. Celiac
d. Peroneal

25. Complement causes cells to:
a. crenate.
b. lyse.
c. change shape and color.
d. become parasitic.