1. A type of drug that may cause stomach irritation and even gastric bleeding is:

a. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

b. antineoplastic drugs.

c. antipsychotics and antidepressants.

d. antihistamines.

2. Preoperative or postoperative blood losses may result in a deficiency of:

a. calcium.

b. vitamin C.

c. iron.

d. zinc.

3. Patients with cystic fibrosis need extra:

a. sodium.

b. potassium.

c. magnesium.

d. iron.

4. Use of tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs such as amitriptyline hydrochloride (Elavil), chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), and clozapine (Clozaril) can result in:

a. weight loss.

b. constipation.

c. weight gain.

d. fluid retention.

5. Symptoms such as weakness, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, and apprehension indicate a deficiency of:

a. manganese.

b. calcium.

c. potassium.

d. iron.

6. For patients in the flow phase of metabolic stress, hyperglycemia should be treated by:

a. administration of normal saline without dextrose.

b. use of complex carbohydrates.

c. administration of specialized formulas.

d. use of exogenous insulin.

7. During the ebb phase following thermal injury, overall metabolism is:

a. unchanged.

b. low.

c. high.

d. unpredictable.

8. Natural licorice is sometimes used to heal gastric ulcers, but it has a side effect of:

a. hypotension.

b. hypertension.

c. hypoglycemia.

d. hyperglycemia.

9. A burn that causes reddening and blistering with cell death in the dermis is classified as a:

a. first-degree burn.

b. second-degree burn.

c. third-degree burn.

d. fourth-degree burn.

10. The class of medications associated with tyramine syndrome is:

a. antipyretics.

b. anticoagulants.

c. monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

d. oral contraceptives.

11. Vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower can accelerate medication metabolism because they:

a. stimulate enzymes in the liver.

b. contain oxalic acid.

c. decrease urinary excretion.

d. contain tyramine.

12. Drugs such as the antimalaria drug pyrimethamine inhibit the action of:

a. riboflavin.

b. cobalamin.

c. pyridoxine.

d. folate.

13. Postsurgical patients should resume oral feedings as soon as possible to:

a. prevent dehydration.

b. prevent permanent damage to the gastrointestinal tract.

c. provide adequate nutrition.

d. support optimal kidney function.

14. The earliest clinical manifestations of cirrhosis include:

a. jaundice and weakness.

b. nausea, vomiting, and anorexia.

c. gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia.

d. ascites and edema.

15. The form of protein used in standard parenteral nutrition solutions is:

a. hydrolyzed protein.

b. essential amino acids.

c. crystalline amino acids.

d. branched-chain amino acids.

16. A type of over-the-counter drug that can produce severe malabsorption is:

a. pain relievers.

b. antacids.

c. antihistamines.

d. laxatives.

17. Level I routine care of patients with cystic fibrosis includes:

a. enzyme replacement and vitamin supplements.

b. use of energy-dense nutrient supplements.

c. use of enteral nutrition support.

d. drugs to stimulate enzyme production.

18. Dietary changes that help reduce the incidence of constipation include:

a. using laxatives.

b. decreasing fat intake.

c. increasing fluid intake.

d. increasing protein intake.

19. The American Medical Association recommends that trace elements added to parenteral nutrition solutions should include:

a. iron, zinc, calcium, and phosphorus.

b. sodium, potassium, copper, and chloride.

c. zinc, copper, manganese, and chromium.

d. manganese, selenium, fluoride, and iron.

20. A problem associated with use of blenderized formulas is:

a. lack of flavor.

b. lack of viscosity.

c. bacterial contamination.

d. nutrient density.

21. The most important factor in decisions concerning use of parenteral nutrition is:

a. age.

b. gender.

c. competence of the clinical nutritionist.

d. status of the gastrointestinal tract.

22. Foods allowed on a clear liquid diet include:

a. broth.

b. cream soup.

c. milk.

d. pudding.

23. The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder is called:

a. cholecystitis.

b. cholelithiasis.

c. cholecalciferol.

d. cholecystectomy.

24. Hypoglycemic drugs prescribed to control type 2 diabetes may precipitate hypoglycemia by:

a. preventing metabolism of insulin.

b. raising the blood glucose level.

c. stimulating release of insulin.

d. preventing metabolism of potassium.

25. The medical term for difficulty in swallowing is:

a. pyrosis.

b. polydipsia.

c. dysphagia.

d. dyspepsia.

26. Conditionally essential amino acids include:

a. L-lysine and L-threonine.

b. L-arginine and L-glutamine.

c. L-cysteine and L-methionine.

d. L-phenylalanine and L-tyramine.

27. Signs of overhydration include:

a. elevated blood urea nitrogen level.

b. weight loss.

c. decreased blood pressure.

d. edema.

28. The flow phase following thermal injury is characterized by:

a. decreased oxygen consumption.

b. increased nitrogen excretion.

c. decreased insulin production.

d. hypoglycemia.

29. Grains that should be eliminated from the diets of clients on a restricted gluten diet include:

a. rye, rice, and wheat.

b. corn, oats, and barley.

c. rice, barley, and corn.

d. wheat, rye, and barley.

30. The patient most likely to develop a hiatal hernia is:

a. a woman with bulimia nervosa.

b. a pregnant woman.

c. an obese man.

d. an underweight man.