1. A man is brought to an emergency room complaining of severe pain in his left iliac region. He claims previous episodes and says that the condition is worse when he is constipated, and is relieved by defecation. A large, tender mass is palpated in the left iliac fossa and a barium study reveals a large number of diverticula in his descending and sigmoid colon. What are diverticula, and what is believed to promote their formation? Does this man have diverticulitis or diverticulosis? Explain.

2. Mary is brought to the emergency room complaining of burning sensation in her chest, increased salivation, and difficulty in swallowing. She is having difficulty breathing and feels the presence of a "lump in her throat." The diagnosis is gastro esophageal reflux disease. Explain.

3. A 38-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver. He is thin and malnourished. His abdomen is very large due to an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. His lower extremities are very swollen. Explain why these changes have occurred.

4. Describe in detail the process of aerobic respiration. Include each  of the stages and the end products along with the number of ATP'seach step will yield. Be specific in your answer.

5. After the formation of pyruvic acid it must be converted into Acetyl CoA to enter the Krebs Cycle explain the preparatory steps
involved in this process.

6. List all the digestive enzymes involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Also, name the site of action for each enzyme.