1. Which of the following is NOT true of microorganisms?

· They produce antibiotics.

· They are used in the production of many types of food and beverages.

· They decompose dead animals.

· They all cause disease in humans.

2. Which of the following is NOT one of the phases of bacterial growth

· lag phase

· stationary phase

· doubling phase

· log phase

3. Which of the following is NOT a differential stain?

· Gram stain

· Schaeffer-Fulton

· acid-fast stain

· flagellar stain

4. In a properly executed Gram stain, Gram positive organisms appear ______ while Gram negative organisms appear ______

· pink, clear.

· pink, purple.

· purple, pink.

· purple, blue.

5. Classification is necessary to _________

· establish criteria for identifying organisms.

· arrange related organisms into groups.

· provide information about how organisms evolved.

· All of the above

6. An organism that lives at the expense of another organism is a ________

· host.

· commensal.

· parasite.

· symbiont.

7. Undercooked pork is most likely to pass along ________

· Schistosoma.

· Taenia.

· Wuchereria.

· Trichinella.

8. Arthropods are responsible for transmitting _____ pathogens.

· viral

· bacterial

· protozoan

· viral, bacterial, and protozoan

9. Symbiosis is an association between ________

· two or more species.

· one or two species.

· two or more hosts.

· no species but all hosts.

· all species but not hosts.

10. All of the following are true of the relationship between microorganisms and diseases EXCEPT:

· Sickle cell anemia patients are resistant to malaria.

· Bacterial infections can lead to endocarditis.

· Viral infections invariably lead to nutritional deficiency.

· Infections in the brain can result in mental disease.

11. Which of the following represents the correct order of steps in a typical viruses replication cycle?

· Maturation, adsorption, penetration, release

· Adsorption, penetration, release, maturation

· Adsorption, penetration, synthesis, maturation

· Adsorption, penetration, maturation, synthesis

12. What special group of chemical substances are used to treat diseases by microbes?

· Antibiotics

· Synthetic drugs

· Semi-synthetic drugs

· Antimicrobial agents

· Chemotherapeutic agents

13. Which of the following is NOT considered a mode of action by antimicrobial agents?

· Action as an antimetabolite

· Inhibition of protein synthesis

· Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

· Inhibition of membrane permeability

· Disruption of selective toxicity

14. All of the following characteristics are components of nonspecific host defenses EXCEPT:

· Fever

· Mucus

· Antibodies

· Interferon

· Inflammation

15. What name is given to a substance that is recognized by the body as foreign and normally produces an immune response?

· Antibody

· Antigen

· Agglutinin

· Antitoxin

· Apoptosis

16. There are a number of different species that can live on the skin as resident microflora. Which of the following is NOT considered resident microflora of the skin?

· Staphylococcus

· Corynebacterium

· E. coli

· Demodex

· All of the above

17. Defense mechanisms in the urogenital system are numerous and include ________

· normal flora complete with opportunists.

· sphincter muscles.

· flushing action of fluids.

· low pH.

· All of the above

18. Food poisoning can be caused by a variety of microbes. Which of the following pairs is incorrect?

· Clostridium botulinum - enterotoxin which is heat liable

· Staphylococcus aureus - enterotoxin which is heat stable

· Pseudomonas cocovenenans - bongkrek disease

· Bacillus cereus - toxin is an emetic

· Clostridium perfringens - enterotoxin and wound infection

19. The upper respiratory tract consists of the ________

A. pharynx.

B. nasal cavity.

C. bronchi.

D. All of the above

E. Only A and B

20. Group B Streptococcal disease include ________

A. early onset neonatal sepsis and meningitis.

B. late onset neonatal meningitis.

C. etiology is Streptococcus agalactiae.

D. All of the above

E. Only A and C

21. In closed environments, such as military bases, dormitories, and day-care centers, 90% of the population can be carriers of this organism, yet only 1 per 1000 develops the meningitis. What is the etiology?

· Neisseria meningitidis

· Haemophilus influenzae

· Streptococcus pneumoniae

· Listeria monocytogenes

22. Food contamination occurs as a result of ________

A. unsanitary practices by food handlers.

B. improper storage.

C. importation.

D. All of the above

E. Only A and B