1. Which of the following are examples of ecosystem services that humans derive from water bodies? (1 point)

The development of algal blooms in lakes
The gradual removal of water pollutants by wetlands
The growth of fish, crustaceans, and other food sources in oceans

I only
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II, and III

2. Which trophic level is most likely to contain the largest population of organisms within an ecosystem? (1 point)

First trophic level
Second trophic level
Third trophic level
Fourth trophic level
Fifth trophic level

3. Which trophic level contains photosynthetic organisms? (1 point)

First trophic level
Second trophic level
Third trophic level
Fourth trophic level
Fifth trophic level

4. At which trophic level would you expect to find only 1% of the energy that was initially stored in the food chain? (1 point)

First trophic level
Second trophic level
Third trophic level
Fourth trophic level
Fifth trophic level

5. In which of the following ways do organisms play a role in the carbon cycle? (1 point)
Plants release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when they respire.
Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
Dead organisms absorb carbon dioxide from the soil as they decompose.

I only
II only
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only

6. Which phenomenon is most likely to occur early in primary succession? (1 point)

Wildfires burn down large sections of forest.
Lichens break down bare rock to produce soil.
Weeds and small plants take root in a grassy field.
Large predators follow migrating prey to a new habitat.
An invasive species of fish is released into a pond.

7. This predator-prey graph tracks the wolf and moose populations in a certain ecosystem over the past hundred years. What is most likely the carrying capacity for moose in this ecosystem?

800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600

8. A local government is planning to build new roads that will divide a forest into several fragments. The roads can follow several different designs, each of which will result in fragments of different sizes. Which design willminimize the edge effects on the organisms living in the forest?

Three rectangular fragments, each of which is 2 miles wide and 20 miles long
Three rectangular fragments, each of which is 4 miles wide and 10 miles long
Three rectangular fragments, each of which is 5 miles wide and 8 miles long
Four rectangular fragments, each of which is 3 miles wide and 10 miles long
Four rectangular fragments, each of which is 5 miles wide and 6 miles long

9. Which of the following actions is least likely to be taken to protect a species listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act?
Restoring the natural habitat of the species
Preserving the species' genetic material in embryo or seed banks
Introducing the species to regions in which it has not historically lived

I only
II only
III only
I and II only
II and III only