1. Which karyotype(s) shows a "normal" male individual (i.e., a male individual with no aneuploidies)?
A. A and B
B. B only
C. C only
D. D only
E. A, B, C & D
2. Which karyotype(s) shows an individual with Turner's syndrome?
A. A only
B. C only
C. B and C
D. D only
E. A and D
3. Fertilization normally takes place in which structure?
A. the vagina
B. the uterus
C. an oviduct
D. the endometrium
E. an epididymis
4. The organ of sexual stimulation and pleasure in the female reproductive system is the:
A. uterus
B. ovary
C. vagina
D. clitoris
E. vulva
5. In the human female, a blastocyst implants into the:
A. uterus
B. oviduct
C. vagina
D. ovary
E. cervix
6. Which extraembryonic membrane contains a fluid that surrounds and bathes the embryo?
A. yolk sac
B. allantois
C. amnion
D. umbilical cord
E. chorion
7. Immediately after fertilization, the zygote begins to
A. expand as it fills with water
B. disintegrate
C. travel through the oviduct back towards the ovary
D. divide by cleavage
E. become a polar body
8. During the formation of an embryo, a solid ball of cells is termed a
A. blastula
B. gastrula
C. neurula
D. fetus
E. morula
9. Fetal development begins with the
A. first month
B. first week
C. third month
D. sixth month
E. seventh month
10. The organ that receives the penis during sexual intercourse is the
A. ovary
B. uterus
C. vagina
D. oviduct
E. follicle
11. The sex chromosome composition of a person with Klinefelter syndrome is
A. XXX
B. XO
C. XXY
D. XYY
E. XX
12. Down syndrome involves trisomy of chromosome
A. 3
B. 5
C. 15
D. 19
E. 21
13. The body cells of a normal human male contain _____ chromosomes.
A. 22
B. 46
C. 92
D. 21
E. 47
14. From which germ layer does the nervous system develop?
A. mesoderm
A. ectoderm
B. endoderm
15. If a human inherits two X chromosomes, the person will (normally) be
A. a female
B. a male
C. color-blind
D. sterile
E. sick
16. Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities could NEVER be observed in an adult human?
A. trisomy 21
B. trisomy X (XXX)
C. trisomy 6
A. Monosomy X (XO)
B. Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY)
17. The building blocks of a nucleic acid like DNA are called
A. amino acids
B. nucleotides
C. glycerol
D. fatty acids
E. polysaccharides
18. Which of the following is composed of glucose subunits?
A. protein
B. fat
C. RNA
D. glycogen
E. DNA
19. A cell's plasma membrane is composed of
A. cellulose
B. cellulose and protein
C. lipid only
D. phospholipids and proteins
E. DNA and RNA
20. Blood belongs to which tissue type?
A. epithelial
B. connective
C. muscular
D. nervous
E. Blood is an organ, not a tissue
21. What general tissue type is responsible for lining and protecting the body?
A. epithelial
B. connective
C. muscular
D. nervous
E. smooth muscle
22. Which type of tissue responds to stimuli and transmits impulses?
A. epithelial
B. connective
C. muscular
D. nervous
E. cardiac
23. The primary function of the large intestine is
A. storage of feces
B. digestion of fats
C. secretion of bile
D. secretion of acid
E. absorption of water
24. Of the following digestive organs, the greatest amount of nutrient absorption takes place in the:
A. stomach
B. small intestine
C. mouth
D. pancreas
E. esophagus
25. The human vocal cords are located in the
A. glottis
B. pharynx
C. trachea
D. larynx
E. bronchus
26. Which of the following is NOT filtered from the bloodstream in the nephron?
A. water
B. red blood cells
C. urea
D. glucose
E. amino acids
27. Filtration of the blood in the kidney takes place in the
A. Loop of Henle (loop of the nephron)
B. Glomerulus
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Proximal convoluted tubule
E. Collecting duct
28. The atomic weight (or mass) of an atom is determined by the weight of
A. neutrons and protons
B. neutrons and electrons
C. protons and electrons
D. protons only
E. neutrons only
29. The pulmonary trunk carries blood away from the
A. aorta
B. right atrium
C. right ventricle
D. left atrium
E. left ventricle
30. Erythrocytes are derived from stem cells located in the
A. spleen
B. thymus
C. bone marrow
D. pancreas
E. liver
31. Which of the following would NOT be considered part of the central nervous system?
A. brain
B. cerebellum
C. medulla
D. spinal nerves
E. brainstem
32. Which of the following are the primary cellular sites for the production of proteins?
A. Golgi bodies
B. ribosomes
C. mitochondria
D. lysosomes
E. smooth ER
33. The part of the brain that controls the basic responses necessary to maintain life processes (breathing, heartbeat) is the
A. cerebral cortex
B. cerebellum
C. cerebrum
D. corpus callosum
E. medulla oblongata
34. Photoreceptors are located in the
A. lens
B. cornea
C. pupil
D. iris
E. retina
35. The hormone insulin is produced by the
A. adrenal cortex
B. adrenal medulla
C. thyroid
D. kidneys
E. pancreas
36. Which gland secretes testosterone?
A. testes
B. adrenal medulla
C. thyroid
D. kidney
E. pancreas
37. The adrenal medulla produces
A. insulin
B. epinephrine
C. TSH
D. ACTH
E. testosterone
38. The passageway that allows eggs from the ovary to travel to the uterus is known as
A. A vagina
B. A uterus
C. An oviduct
D. An endometrium
E. A vas deferens
39. The black, central portion of the eye is called the:
A. Retina
B. Pupil
C. Cornea
D. Iris
E. Cone
40. In the condition known as testicular feminization (or CIAS),
A. A person appears male but is XX
B. A person appears female but has two Y chromosomes
C. A person appears male and is XY
D. A person appears female but is XY
E. A person with Turner's syndrome appears male
41. The last structure air moves through before it reaches the alveoli is the
A. larynx
B. glottis
C. pharynx
D. trachea
E. bronchioles
42. The normal pH of the blood is about
A. 3.2
B. 8.5
C. 1.1
D. 7.4
E. 6.3
43. The long bone in the upper leg is called the
A. fibula
B. femur
C. humerus
D. tibia
E. tibula
44. Which cells produce and secrete antibodies that cause the destruction of bacterial invaders?
A. phagocytes
B. macrophages
C. B cells
D. T cells
E. thrombocytes
45. Calcium ions in muscle cells are stored in
A. vacuoles
B. sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. mitochondria
D. actin
E. acetylcholine
46. Which of the following can be defined as the contractile unit of a muscle cell?
A. myofibril
B. myosin filament
C. sarcomere
D. actin filament
E. calcium ion
47. In the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, which two proteins are "sliding" with respect to each other?
A. troponin and tropomyosin
B. actin and myosin
C. sarcomere and myoglobin
D. actin and calcium
E. myosin and troponin
48. The collarbone is officially called the
A. hyoid
B. patella
A. scapula
B. clavicle
C. phalanx
49. The part of the brain that controls the basic responses necessary to maintain life processes (breathing, heartbeat) is the
A. cerebral cortex
B. cerebellum
C. cerebrum
D. corpus callosum
E. brainstem
50. The sense based on air vibrations is
A. taste
B. smell
C. touch
D. sight
E. hearing
51. In human females one of the sex chromosomes is switched off early in development to become a Barr body. This phenomenon is called
A. karyotyping
B. dosage compensation
C. X linkage
D. crossing over
E. mutation
52. Chromosomes other than those involved in sex determination are known as
A. nucleosomes
B. heterosomes
C. alleles
D. autosomes
E. liposomes
53. Which statement is NOT true about the male and female reproductive systems?
A. Males produce greater number of gametes than women do.
B. Women do not have to experience orgasm to become pregnant.
C. The maturation of sperm occurs in the epididymis.
D. They both produce follicle-stimulating hormone.
E. Male and female gametes almost always meet in the vagina.
54. After the zygote begins to divide, what is the next structure formed during the developmental process?
A. A blastocyst
B. A morula
C. A gastrula
D. An embryo
E. A fetus
55. Sperm MATURE in which structure?
A. Testes
B. vas deferens
C. epididymis
D. prostate gland
E. penis
56. Which molecule is composed of amino acid subunits?
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Protein
D. enzyme
E. fat
57. Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the
A. epiglottis
B. larynx
C. pharynx
D. esophagus
E. stomach
58. The "80" in a blood pressure of 120/80 is the
A. Diastolic pressure
B. Systolic pressure
C. Pulse pressure
D. Capillary pressure
E. Venous pressure
59. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a karyotype with 45 chromosomes?
A. Turner syndrome
B. Down syndrome
C. testicular feminization
D. Klinefelter syndrome
E. Huntington's disease
60. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a karyotype with 47 chromosomes?
A. Turner syndrome
B. cri-du-chat syndrome
C. testicular feminization
D. Klinefelter syndrome
E. Huntington's disease