1. When the sun and moon are aligned so their gravitational forces are added together, this effect causes ___________________ tides.
spring
neap
full
annual
2. The vertical distance between a wave crest and trough is called the _________________________________.
wave length
wave height
wave period
wave frequency
3. Waves in deep water move water particles in a circular path and are called ____________________ waves.
translation
ocsillation
4. The _______________________ zone contains turbulent water from breaking waves.
breaker
wave
surf
crashing
5. As a wave enters shallow water the waves will begin to bend and flow parallel to the shore. The bending of a wave is called wave _______.
wave bending
wave reflection
wave refraction
none of the above
6. Currents that move sediment roughly parallel to the shoreline are called ____________________________________.
longshore current
beach drift
parallel flow
none of the above
7. When sea arches collapse, they can leave behind a knob of rock called a _________________________________.
sea stack
sea arch
sea cave
headland
8. A _________________________________ forms when a sandbar completely seals a bay off from the open ocean.
spit
baymouth bar
closer bar
none of the above
9. In what direction does a spit typically grow with time?
a. toward a promontory
b. in the same direction as a longshore current
c. in the direction from which waves are approaching the coast
d. toward a wave-cut platform
10. A wall built perpendicular to shore for the purpose of trapping sand is called a _______________.
jetty
groin
breakwater
seawall
11. Walls built perpendicular to the beach in pairs at the entrances to inlets and extending slightly out into the ocean to keep the inlet open are called ___________________________.
jetty
groin
breakwater
seawall
12. A wall built parallel to the beach, on the beach to prevent waves from eroding the shore areas behind it is called _________________.
jetty
groin
breakwater
seawall
13. A wall built parallel to the beach within the open water to create a quiet harbor behind the wall is called a ________________________.
jetty
groin
breakwater
seawall
14. The process of _______________________________________ adds sand to beaches, but may not last long and is very expensive.
a. Hard stabilization
b. Beach removal
c. Beach nourishment
d. Groin construction
e. None of the above
15. Which of the following does NOT affect the potential hazards of a shoreline?
a. elevation of the land surface near the shore
b. the source of beach sand
c. width of a beach
d. the presence of offshore islands and sand bars
16. A _______________________ is a local rise in the level of the sea during a hurricane or other storm.
tide
global sea level rise
storm surge
none of the above
17. Which of the following most likely indicates a submergent coastline?
a. offshore sand bars that have become coastal dunes
b. the presence of coral reefs on land
c. wave-cut notches and platforms that are above sea level
d. an irregular coastline with branching estuaries and embayments
18. _____________________________ coastlines occur when there is relative drop in sea level or uplift of land.
a. Submergent
b. Emergent
19. Which of the following would cause sea level to rise?
a decrease in the amount of glaciers on land
faster rates of seafloor spreading
a rise in the temperature of the oceans
all of the choices
20. How much has sea level risen in the past?
more than 120 meters
more than 200 meters
more than 2,000 meters
less than 120 meters