1. What tissue lines the digestive tract?

cartilage
muscular
connective
epithelium

2) Sphincters

are only found at the beginning of the stomach.
are muscles in longitudinal arrangement.
prevent movement of material through the digestive tract.
are smooth muscles.

3) A bolus is formed in the

stomach.
esophagus.
small intestine.
mouth.

4) During the process of swallowing, the

epiglottis closes the trachea leading to the lungs.
epiglottis seals the esophagus.
esophagus is temporarily closed by the glottis.
pharynx restricts food entry to the esophagus.

5) Which of the following functions does the stomach perform the LEAST?

digestion
storage
mixing
absorption

6) "Heartburn" is caused by

chymotrypsin sloshing back into the esophagus.
pepsin sloshing back into the esophagus.
intrinsic factor sloshing back into the esophagus.
HCl sloshing back into the esophagus.

7) Of the following parts of the GI tract, the greatest amount of nutrient absorption takes place in the

small intestine.
colon.
stomach.
pancreas.

8) The main function associated with the structure of villi and microvilli is

trapping bacteria.
secreting digestive enzymes.
secreting hormones.
increasing surface area.

9) The liver functions to do all of the following EXCEPT

remove toxins ingested in food.
produce bile.
produce glucagon.
inactivate hormones.

10) The function of segmentation is to

churn the food and mix the contents with the digestive tract.
churn the food and mix the contents with the digestive tract and also bring the contents to the wall of the tract where they could be absorbed.
move the food through the digestive tract.
produce a wavelike push of the gut contents through the system.

11) Which hormones slow down stomach emptying?

gastrin and somatostatin
leptin and gastrin
somatostatin and secretin
secretin and cholecystokinin

12) The large intestine begins as the

duodenum
cecum
appendix
ileum

13) Sodium, potassium, and calcium are referred to as

acids.
bases.
nonelectrolytes.
electrolytes.

14) An enzyme produced by the kidneys that helps to regulate blood pressure is

aldosterone.
renin.
erythropoietin.
angiotensin.

15) Most of the filtrate produced at the glomerulus is reabsorbed by the

peritubular capillary.
distal tubules.
proximal tubules.
loop of Henle.

16) What amount of the fluid removed from the blood is eventually returned to the blood?

almost 99 percent
about 59 percent
less than 90 percent
a mere 0.9 percent

17) The antidiuretic hormone

is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
acts on the proximal tubules of nephrons in the kidney.
promotes processes that lead to an increase in the volume of urine.
promotes processes that lead to a decrease in the volume of urine.

18) If blood pH falls outside of the normal range for too long, which system suffers most?

skeletal system
muscular system
central nervous system
cardiovascular system

19) Severe vomiting or dehydration and overuse of antacids may bring about which condition?

respiratory acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic alkalosis
metabolic acidosis

20) Which hormone causes less sodium and less water to be excreted in the urine?

ADH
aldosterone
insulin
angiotensin

21) The hormone that controls the concentration of urine is

glucagon
insulin
antidiuretic hormone
epinephrine

22) Which is the only system that does not contribute to homeostasis?

reproductive
immune
digestive
urinary

23) Sperm and eggs are referred to as

gonads.
gametes.
germ cells.
zygotes.

24) The thick layer of smooth muscle in the uterus is the

endometrium
epimetrium
myometrium.
perimetrium

25) The end of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle coincides with

ovulation.
fertilization.
menstruation.
menopause.

26) What does the oocyte complete prior to ovulation?

mitosis
meiosis II
meiosis I
cleavage

27) Ovulation is triggered by

low levels of estrogen.
low levels of LH.
high levels of chorionic gonadotropin.
high levels of LH.

28) Which of the following is the last structure that a sperm travels through as it leaves the body?

ductus deferens
epididymis
ureter
urethra

29) Sperm production occurs in the

testes.
ductus deferens.
epididymis.
prostate gland.

30) Spermatogonia develop into

spermatids.
primary spermatocytes.
secondary spermatocytes.
spermatozoans.