1. What happens when the lungs recoil?

A. Ribs and diaphragm muscles contract.
B. Inspiration occurs.
C. Internal respiration occurs.
D. Expiration occurs.

2. In plants, the purpose of auxins is to

A. produce phytochrome.
B. cause plant dormancy.
C. bring about apical dominance.
D. regulate abscission.

3. The purpose of nervous tissue is

A. communication.
B. protection.
C. movement.
D. support.

4. In vitro fertilization takes place in

A. the vagina.
B. a laboratory.
C. a surrogate mother.
D. the uterus.

5. What is the main cause of transpiration in plants?

A. The tendency of water molecules to stay together
B. Rupture of tracheids in xylem tissue
C. The pressure-flow model
D. The mycorrhizal association

6. Which one of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of red blood cells?

A. They're agents of inflammation.
B. They're convex disks with a large nucleus.
C. They transport oxygen to all the cells of the body.
D. They lack hemoglobin.

7. In plants, what type of tissue is responsible for transporting water and nutrients?

A. Epidermal C. Vascular
B. Ground D. Meristem

8. One job of the kidneys is to

A. regulate the pH of the blood.
B. increase the salt and water balance in the blood.
C. produce urea from amino groups and ammonia.
D. destroy old red blood cells.

9. Which one of the following events occurs first in a nerve impulse?

A. Sodium ions move to the inside of a neuron.
B. Sodium ions move to the outside of a neuron.
C. Potassium ions move to the inside of a neuron.
D. Potassium ions move to the outside of a neuron.

10. Cells with similar structures and functions work together to form

A. organs. C. systems.
B. tissues. D. organisms.

11. In the context of vision, the blind spot is

A. an area of the retina where there are no rods or cones.
B. a nontransparent area on the lens.
C. a nontransparent areas on the cornea.
D. an area of the retina where rods and cones are concentrated.

12. Which one of the following nutrients is not a source of energy for the body?

A. Lipids C. Vitamins
B. Carbohydrates D. Proteins

13. In the urinary system, reabsorption occurs primarily at the

A. nephron capsule. C. nephron loop.
B. proximal tubule. D. distal tubule.

14. Annual rings in woody stems are caused by an increase in rings of the

A. primary phloem. C. primary xylem.
B. secondary phloem. D. secondary xylem.

15. Which series best illustrates the pathway of blood flow in a closed circulatory system?

A. Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins
B. Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
C. Heart, veins, arteries, capillaries
D. Heart, veins, capillaries, arteries

16. Allergies are caused by

A. strong toxins in the environment. C. reactions to antigens.
B. autoimmune diseases. D. ingesting IgA in breast milk.

17. Which one of the following statements is true regarding voluntary and involuntary responses?

A. Voluntary responses originate in the sensory receptors.
B. Voluntary responses control the activity of glands.
C. Involuntary responses are only part of the autonomic system.
D. Involuntary responses may include the spinal cord and not the brain.

18. The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins is the

A. right atrium. C. right ventricle.
B. left atrium. D. left ventricle.

19. In the process of embryonic development, the develops first.

A. blastocyst C. blastocoel
B. morula D. gastrula

20. Which one of the following components makes up the largest portion of plasma?

A. Proteins C. Water
B. Salt D. Wastes

21. Villi serve to

A. increase surface area for purposes of absorption.
B. increase the synthesis of enzymes.
C. speed up the elimination of wastes.
D. speed up the loss of water from the body.

22. During development, an embryo is embedded in the

A. cervix. C. vagina.
B. endometrium. D. ovary.

23. How many cotyledons would be found in a flowering plant with nine petals on each flower and long leaves with parallel leaf veins?

A. Zero C. Two
B. One D. Three

24. During plant development, one function of the cotyledon is to

A. protect the embryo as it develops inside a seed.
B. serve as a seed leaf to carry on photosynthesis.
C. supply food to the developing embryo.
D. become the seed coat.

25. Too much calcium in a person's diet may result in

A. heart attack. C. high blood pressure.
B. dehydration. D. kidney stones.