1. The mitotic spindle first appears during

A: prophase

B: metaphase

C: anaphase

D: telophase

2. Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during

A: prophase

B: metaphase

C: anaphase

D: telophase

3. During mitosis, chromosomes begin to separate during

A: prophase

B: metaphase

C: anaphase

D: telophase

4. Which of the following is true regarding cytoplasmic division?

A: It occurs during the early part of mitosis

B: It is caused by microfilaments that lie beneath the plasma membrane

C: It begins during metaphasis

D: None of the above

5. Germ cells

A: in humans contain 46 chromosomes

B: are diploid

C: contain half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells

D: None of the above

6. Meiosis

A: occurs in all body cells

B: produces diploid gametes

C: involves two cell divisions

D: is identical to mitosis in all respects

7.  Human somatic cells

A: contain 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 from the father

B: are best described as haploid

C: undergo meiotic divisions

D: are genetically identical to germ cells

8.  Meiosis I

A: is identical to mitosis

B: lacks a distinct metaphase

C: reduces the number of chromosomes in humans from 46 to 23

D: None of the above

9.  In the ovary, the number of ova produced during meiosis is

A: one

B: two

C: three

D: four

10. The zygote produced during fertilization

A: divides my meiosis

B: is haploid

C: divides by mitosis

D: None of the above

11. The risk of a mistaken identity using DNA fingerprinting is _____ compared to a risk of error in blood typing of 1 in 1000

A: 1 in 4000

B: 1 in 4 million

C: 1 in 4 billion

D: 1 in 4 trillion

12. DNA

A: consists of two polynucleotide strands

B: is identical to RNA except that RNA consists of a single strand

C: contains two types of bases: purines and pyrimidines

D: a and b

E: a and c

13. A molecule that is not part of a nucleotide is

A: Phosphate

B: ribose

C: nitrogenous base

D: glucose

14. In DNA, hydrogen bonds are

A: nonexistent

B: found between the bases on opposing polynucleotide chains

C: found between sugars and phosphates

D: found between the nitrogen bases and sugar molecules

15. The DNA molecule contains

A: uracil

B: ribose

C: equal numbers of cytosine and thymine

D: contains equal numbers of purines and pyrimidines

16. Viruses

A: are submicroscopic organisms that lack organelles and can only reproduce inside other cells

B: are structurally very similar to eukaryotic cells

C: are considered living organisms

D: are not attacked by the immune system, which is why they are so dangerous

17. Bacteria

A: are eukaryotes that lack nuclei

B: are structurally identical to viruses

C: are prokaryotes that lack distinct organelles

D: cause disease

18. Which of the following is not part of the first line of defense against microorganisms?

A: The skin

B: The lining of the respiratory tract

C: The lining of the intestinal tract

D: The inflammatory response

19. During the inflammatory response

A: mast cells release histamine, causing the blood vessels to constrict

B: the release of prostaglandins at the site of the wound causes pain

C: blood flow to the injured area is reduced to prevent blood loss

D: all of the above

E: none of the above

20. Pyrogens

A: act on the temperature-regulating region of the hypothalamus, raising body temperature

B: are chemicals that lower body temperature, thus protecting the body in case of an invasion by bacteria

C: are one class of interferons

D: increase iron availability, which is detrimental to bacteria