1. Organisms that feed only on plants are called
Detritivores
Omnivores
Carnivores
Herbivores
Decomposers

2. Which of the following is NOT an example of an indicator species?
trout in water with a specifric temperature requirement
birds that need a large forested area
butterflies that use a specific plant as food
frogs that take in water and air though their skin
All are example of indicatory species

3. A species in an ecosystem that plays a central role in the health of that ecosystem, and whose removal may cause the collapse of the ecosystem, is called a(n)
foundation species
indicator species
native species
keystone species
specialist species

4. One way that species evolve over time to reduce niche overlap is called
competitive exclusion principle
resource partitioning
population distribution
chemical warfare
mimicry

5. Aerobic respiration requires
glucose and carbon dioxide.
glucose and oxygen.
oxygen and water.
carbon dioxide and water.
carbon dioxide and oxygen.

6. The first law of thermodynamics tells us that
Doing work always creates heat.
Altering matter is the best source of energy.
Energy cannot be recycled.
Energy is neither created nor destroyed.
Energy cannot be converted.

7. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
carbon monoxide
water vapour
carbon dioxide
methane
nitrous oxide

8. Which of the following is an example of a density dependent population control
Parasites
Predators
infectious diseases
competitors with high niche overlap
all of these answers

9. If grass stores 1,000 energy units received from sun, the ecological efficiency of the ecosystem is 10%, and the trophic levels are grass > cow > human, how many units of energy does the human receive of the original 1,000 units?
900
200
100
10
1

11. All of the following are part of the freshwater aquatic life zones, EXCEPT
lakes
mangrove forests
inland wetlands
streams
rivers

12. In terms of habitat destruction, the greatest eliminator of species is
pollution of streams, lakes, and oceans
destruction of coral reefs
destruction of wetlands
plowing of grasslands
deforestation in tropical areas

13. The term malnutrition refers to people who consume
low calories
low carbohydrates
too much meat
low protein, high carbohydrate
high protein

14. In lakes, the nutrient-rich water near the shore is part of the
limnetic zone
benthic zone
littoral zone
profundal zone
abyssal zone

15. With the Arctic warming twice as fast as the rest of the world, which of the following organisms is rapidly moving toward threatened status?
sea lions
walrus
polar bears
seals
arctic fox

16. Which of the following is an ADVANTAGE of hydropower?
high methane emissions
disruption of downstream aquatic ecosystems
high-cost of energy
large land disturbance
large untapped potential

17. Even carefully designed logging roads have harmful effects, including all of the following EXCEPT
increased erosion
sediment runoff into waterways
habitat fragmentation
access to farms, mines, and ranches
loss of diversity

18. Organisms in this area must be able to avoid being swept away, crushed by waves, or being left high and dry at low tides, and must survive daily on seasonal salinity and temperature changes.
Estuaries
coastal wetlands
bathyal zone
intertidal zone
coral reefs

19. What can you do to help sustain terrestrial biodiversity? All of the following are things each of us can do, EXCEPT
Plant trees and take care of them.
Recycle paper and use recycled products.
Buy sustainable wood and wood products.
Help restore nearby degraded forests or grasslands
Do not plant your yard with local plants

20. Late successional plants are largely unaffected by plants at earlier stages of succession, a factor called
Facilitation
Imperturbability
Inhibition
Tolerance
Intolerance

21. Which of the following does NOT represent kinetic energy?
the wind blowing
flowing water
reservoir behind a dam
ocean waves
electricity

22. Which of the following is said to occur when one organism feeds on another organism, usually by living on or in that other organism?
interspecific competition
predation
parasitism
mutualism
commensalism

23. The highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply is called
Conservation
Sustainable yield
Preservation
Recycling
All of these answers

24. Scientists classify energy as either
chemical or physical
kinetic or mechanical
potential or mechanical
potential or kinetic
chemical or kinetic

25. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?
Water
Potassium
Bacteria
Nitrogen
Sunlight

26. All of the following are elements EXCEPT
water
oxygen
nitrogen
hydrogen
carbon

27. The mass number is equal to the sum of the
neutrons and isotopes
neutrons and electrons
neutrons and protons
protons and electrons
ions and isotopes

28. When plotting the number of individuals in a population against time the data yield a J-shaped curve, which indicates which of the following?
logistic growth
environmental resistance
exponential growth
carrying capacity
biotic potential

29. Carbon is a major component of
water
the oceans
organic compounds
the atmosphere
hydrologic cycle

30. Effects of pollution might include
being unable to see the top of skyscrapers because of smog
destruction of a statue in a city park by acid rain
spread of a disease from an open dump
fish kills in lakes and streams
all of these

31. It is necessary to use energy to get energy. The difference between what you get and what you use to get it is called
gain
loss
gross energy
profit
net energy

32. The middle, partially melted zone of the interior of the earth is called the
crust
tectonic plate
core
mantle
magma

33. The greatest marine biodiversity is located
in the bottom region of the ocean
in the surface region of the ocean
in the coastal region of the ocean
in the open ocean
in coral reefs

34. Which of the following is NOT true about surface fires?
They free valuable mineral nutrients tied up in decomposing litter.
They release seeds from cones of lodgepole pines.
They increase soil erosion.
Wildlife requires surface fires to maintain their habitats.
They help control diseases.

35. Global oil production peaks when
oil becomes cheap and use increases
demand for oil lessens
large new proven reserves are located
maximum global rate of production is reached
OPEC decides to slow oil production

36. The lack of sufficient water to meet the needs of the people in a country or region is called
water deficit
water shortage
drought
hydrological shortage
hydrologic cycle

37. The term undernutrition refers to people who consume
low calorie diet
high calorie diet
low protein, low carbohydrates
low protein, high carbohydrates
high protein, low carbohydrates

38. Deep lakes with steep banks that have a small supply of plant nutrients are
oligotrophic lakes
eutrophic lakes
culturally eutrophic lakes
hypereutrophic lakes
mesotrophic lakes

39. The United States uses what percentage of all the oil produced in the world?
6%
7%
8%
17%
23%

40. The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is
soil type
topography
geology
climate
landforms