1. Mitochondria and chloroplasts found in eukaryotic organism are thought to have originated from
yeast
protists
bacteria
archaea
2. This negative staining method is used to identify ___________ which appear as clear halos surrounding the bacteria.
thick layers of peptidoglycan
endospores
cell walls
capsules
3. The "dark" reaction of photosynthesis is also called the
pentose phosphate pycle
Calvin-Benson cycle
Entner-Doudoroff pathway
Kreb's cycle
4. What is meant by substrate-level phosphorylation?
Production of ATP using energy from a proton gradient
Reduction of NAD+ to NADH
Production of ATP by transferring phosphates directly from metabolic products to ADP
Splitting of glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules
5. During which step of aerobic cellular respiration are most of the high energy co-enzymes, NADH and FADH2, produced?
electron transport chain
Kreb's cycle
conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA
glycolysis
6. A microbiologist streaks a patient sample on a plate that is selective for gram positive bacteria. Which of the following microbes would NOT grow?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
7. Which phase of bacterial growth best described as the period of equilibrium, where microbial death equals microbial production?
death phase
lag phase
log phase
stationary phase
8. How do you determine the DNA fragment sizes (lengths) once the DNA is separated by agarose gel electrophoresis?
Measure the distance that your DNA traveled through the gel, then multiple by 100bp per cm.
you can guess the size knowing that the largest DNA fragments will travel through the gel the quickest.
Measure the distance that your DNA traveled in the gel and divide by the length of the gel.
Compare the migration of your DNA fragment to a standard which contains known DNA fragment sizes.
9. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT concerning differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose and RNA contains the sugar ribose
DNA uses the nucleotide bases A, C, G, T while RNA uses A, G, C, U
DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
In DNA, G base pairs with C; in RNA G base pairs with U
10. The start codon AUG codes for which amino acid?
Serine
Alanine
Proline
Methionine
11. Which Epsilonproteobacteria causes peptic ulcers; stomach cancer
Salmonella typhi
Helicobacter pylori
Bordetella pertussis
Campylobacter jejuni
12. This biochemical test uses the reagent hydrogen peroxide and distinguishes between staphylococci and streptococci. What is the name of this test?
ndole test
catalase test
oxidase test
coagulase
13. In which domain do most of the extremophiles belong to?
archaea
bacteria
protista
eukarya
14. This biochemical test is used to identify bacteria that produce cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme of the bacterial electron transport chain. What is the name of this test and which swab is positive?
catalase test/ swab A is positive
oxidase test / swab A is positive
catalase test/ swab B is positive
oxidase test/ swab B is positive
15. Which of the following protozoan is NOT matched to the disease it causes?
Trichomonas vaginalis-urethritis and vaginitis
Nagleria fowleri- primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
Entamoeba histolytica- histological keratitis
Plasmodium falciparum-malaria
16. What is the key difference between yeast and mold?
Yeast have cellulose cell walls, while mold has chitin cell walls
Yeast is unicellular, while mold is multicellular
Yeast is colonial, while mold is multicellular
Yeast is a fungus, while mold is an alga
17. How are prions different from other infectious agents?
They cannot replicate
They cause neurological disease
They lack protein
They lack nucleic acid
18. Viruses have different shapes. Most ________ viruses have 20 triangular-shaped sides and are called icosahedral.
polyhedral
helical
cube
complex
19. Fifth's disease is caused by which of the following?
Human papilloma virus
Human parvovirus B19
retrovirus
Simplexvirus
20. Which of the following is the inflammatory compound that is released by mast cells?
histamine
lysozyme
serine
pyrogenine
21. Any foreign substance that elicits an immune response is known as a(n) __________.
antibody
antigen
MHC
immunoglobulin
22. Which pathogen causes impetigo?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Propionibacterium acnes
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
23. Arbovirus is the shortened term for
artesian bacteria-like virus
arthropod borne virus
arterial blood virus
articular bovine virus
24. One of the symptoms of a Clostridium tetani infection is
stiff neck
lockjaw
sore throat
disfiguring nodules
25. CJD and vCJD are caused by a
bacterium
prion
protozoan
virus
26. The neglected tropical disease, river blindness is also called __________ and is caused by a ___________
cysticercosis/protozoan
onchocerciasis/protozoan
cysticercosis/parasitic worm
onchocerciasis/parasitic worm
27. If a female is a CARRIER of one defective CFTR gene copy, what is the chance of her offspring having ACTIVE (expressed) cystic fibrosis if the father has 2 normal copies of the CFTR gene?
75%
0%
50%
25%
28. The reassortment of RNA segments of the influenza virus causes a phenomenon called
DNA rearrangement
fragment ligation
antigenic shift
antigenic drift