1. In Conboy's study on heterochronic parabiotic pairs, which phrase described what future studies should focus on according to the results of this study?

a. adult stem cells

b. changes in aging cells

c. muscle cell regeneration

d. changes in aging plasma

This organelle is central to apoptosis, _______________

2. The process whereby malfunctioning mitochondria are destroyed by the cell is known as____________,

3. Here are three quotes from an printed interview with Francis Collins (look him up),

i. " Collin's lab team found that in cells growing in the lab, when they used a chemical to un-cap the chromosome ends, it altered gene splicing and led to progerin production and cellular senescence.

ii. "It's clear that progerin turns on as a cell is approaching senescence," Collins said. Collin's lab team found that in cells growing in the lab, when they used a chemical to un-cap the chromosome ends, it altered gene splicing and led to progerin production and cellular senescence.

iii. "While I can't prove it, it seems likely that progerin itself is part of normal, programmed senescence," Collins said. "If we understood that, maybe we would be able to come up with a strategy to deal with the process of normal aging."

a) We've heard that before, that gene splicing alters with age - what does that mean?

b) According to statement ii, they were comparing artificially made senescent cells to the cells of people with what condition?

c) When stating that progerin production is part of normal aging, what theory of aging is he implicitly endorsing?n Why?

4. Describe what you feel are the major 'causes' of aging?