1. For the pipe-flow-reducing section D1 = 8 cm, D2 = 5 cm, and p2 = 1 atm. If v1 = 5 m/s and the manometer reading is h =58 cm, estimate the total force resisted by the flange bolts.
2. An open tank car as shown travels to the right at a uniform velocity of 4.5 m/s. At the instant shown the car passes under a jet of water issuing from a stationary 0.1-m-diameter pipe with a velocity of 20 m/s. What force is exerted on the tank by the water jet?