1. Describe the structure of an amino acid, including the importance of the side chain in determining properties of the amino acid. Why are some amino acids hydrophobic, whereas others are hydrophilic? Where might you expect to find these amino acids in a protein?

2. Explain how the primary sequence of a protein is important in determining the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein. What types of interactions determine these structures?

3. Describe the structure, function, and properties of enzymes.

4. Describe and diagram the structure of the plasma membrane. What are the two principal types of molecules in plasma membranes?

5. Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic. What would happen to an animal cell immersed in each of the three types of solution? A plant cell? Draw these different scenarios.

6. Describe the following types of transport processes: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and exocytosis.

7. The integrity of the plasma membrane is essential for cellular survival. Could the immune system make use of this fact to destroy foreign cells that have invaded the body? How might cells of the immune system disrupt membranes of foreign cells?