1. Before bringing a new drug to the marketplace, extensive testing is done on the drug by administering the drug to large numbers of individuals. Explain the importance of the scientific method, sample size, controls and variable in the drug evaluation process.

2. You are a dog breeder and have a female yellow, Fifi, whom you would like to mate in order to get a little of puppies in all three colors (black, yellow, and chocolate).  After reviewing her pedigree, you reason out that Fifi's genotype is eebb.  Remember that in Labrador retrievers coat color is determined by two different genes.  The first gene (E) causes melanin to be deposited into the fur, while the second gene (B) determines the pigment color with black dominant to brown. You have three potential male labs with which to breed Fifi.  Max is a black lab with a brown mom and a yellow dad.  Tucker is a yellow lab with two brown parents.  Ripley is a chocolate lab with one brown and one black parent. 

Mating Fifi to which one of these males will result in puppies in all three colors?  What is the correct male's genotype? What are the genotypes of the offspring? What percentage of the offspring will be black, yellow, and chocolate?  Be sure to show your work.

3. Consider the food web for the Chesapeake Bay shown below.

Give a detailed analysis of this food web.  Be sure to address the following in your analysis:a description of the producers and consumers (you do not need to list every organism, but give a few examples along with what makes an organism fall into one class or the other), energy movement through the food  web, the number of trophic levels found in this food web, which organisms most efficiently utilize the resources, the way in which of one biogeochemical cycles interacts with the ecosystem of this food web, and how humans can negatively impact this food web.

4. Compare and contrast artificial selection and genetic engineering of organisms.  In your answer also include the following: one advantage and one disadvantage for each technique, as well as one example of each.

5. Explain the main stages of mitosis (you may use diagrams) and contrast the processes of mitosis and meiosis in an animal cell.