1. At the base of the trachea is a structure known as_____:

a. arytenoid cartilage

b. carina

c. secondary bronchi

d. thyroid cartilage

2. According to Laplace's Law:

a. should remain inflated because the pressure inside of the alveoli is greater than atmospheric pressure

b. should increase gas exchange during inhalation

c. alveoli should collapse because they are lined with mucous

d. should remain in a stable state

3. Which of the following respiratory neural control centers is "always on" (regulating breathing):

a. Pontine center

b. apneustic center

c. dorsal respiratory group

d. ventral respiratory group

4. The neural control centers for respiration connect to the diaphragm by way of:

a. long thoracic nerve

b. phrenic nerve

c. respiratory sympathetic nerves

d. vagus nerve

5. Which type of epithelium lines the trachea:

a. simple cuboidal

b. simple squamous

c. stratified squamous

d. pseudostratified columnar

6. Which 2 bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity:

a. maxilla and sphenoid

b. palatine and maxilla

c. ethmoid and maxilla

d. sphenoid and palatine

7. Carbonic acid dissociates into:

a. hydrogen and bicarbonate ions

b. bicarbonate and sodium ions

c. sodium and carbon ions

d. water and bicarbonate ions

8. Where is the PCO2 the highest:

a. alveoli

b. oxygenated blood

c. tissues

d. tissues and alveoli

9. The intrapleural pressure (pressure between the pleura) is:

a. positive

b. 760 mm Hg

c. negative

d. greater than atmospheric pressure

10. Carbon dioxide is stored in the bicarbonate ion with the reaction occurring both in the red blood cell and in the blood. The reaction occurs in the blood however without:

a. hydrogen ions

b. carbonic acid

c. carbonic anhydrase

d. water

11. The posterior portion of the soft palate is known as:

a. pharynx

b. uvula

c. larynx

d. epiglottis