1. A frameshift mutation involving the deletion of one or two bases is likely to impact the final protein more than the deletion of three bases. Why is this so? Compare what each of these mutations would do the final protein.

2. Imagine you have two populations of E.col: population A possesses a functioning lac operon, and population B has a defect in the regulatory gene lac I such that lack I repressor protein is not made.

A) Compare and contrast gene expression of the lac operon in population A and population B.

B) Imagine you mix equal numbers of the two populations and allow them to grow together on a supply of food includes glucose but no lactose. After thousands of generations, do you predict you will still have equal numbers population? Explain your predicted result.

3. You are growing three flasks of E.coli as follows:

Flask1. Aerobic respiration with oxygen present.

Flask2. Anaerobic respiration, no oxygen present, but nitrate available as a terminal electron acceptor

Flask3. Fermentation, no oxygen nitrate present.

You have a spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance of each culture over time as an indicator of an increase in numbers of cells, as a measure of growth in the population of E.coli. Draw a single graph of absorbance y-axis Vs Time x-axis, showing your predicted relative rates of growth of these three populations of cells (draw all lines on the single graph). Recall that this growth is exponential.