1. A cytochrome c deficiency is associated with mutations in at least 14 genes. Recall the specific function of cytochrome c, and the purpose of oxidative phosphorylation. What would be the major biochemical problem resulting from a lack of cytochrome c? Think about the overall purpose of the pathway it contributes to. In other words, how would oxidative phosphorylation be affected? Discuss the ramifications of cytochrome c deficiency in terms of (A) the goal or purpose of the pathway, (B) the P/O Ratio plus the Proton Motive Force, all of which were described in lecture.

2. Given the Biochemical Problem with cytochrome c deficiency, and the answers for question 7, cells will die unless there are rapid Biochemical changes. Give the names of two pathways or two enzymes that can compensate (substitute) for the specific , major Biochemical Problem in cytochrome c deficiency, and describe why they can compensate for this problem. In other words, how can the purpose for the pathway cytochrome c is involved in be accomplished by a different pathway or set of enzymes?