1) Which body fluid compartment makes 1/3 of total body water?

2) Identify the most important forces for water shift between fluid compartments.

3) Identify causes favoring edema formation.

4) What cation is responsible for the volume of extracellular fluid?

5) Identify the mechanism of water balance regulation in the case of volume expansion. For example, after drinking a few liters of water.

6) Identify the mechanism of water balance regulation in the case of volume contraction. For example, after acute bleeding.

7) Why do women recieving oxytocin (to facilitate childbirth) become edematous? In the early days of oxytocin therapy, when this effect was not recognized, some women died of water intoxication.

8) In a hospital a patient has received 3 times the quantity of isotonic saline infusion the patient should have received. Which of the four regulatory mechanisms of ECF homeostasis will be dominant in addressing this iatrogenic problem? Explain the endocrine feedback loop.

9) In pituitary diabetes insipidus, describe:

a. The renal handling of water

b. Water balance in the patient in terms of frequency of thirst and urination.

10) In an automobile accident a patient has lost a substantial volume of blood to be near circulatory collapse (shock). List four hormones which you Would expect to be highly elevated in the remaining blood of this patient.