problem1) Answer all the problems:

a) prepare down the formula for determination of wavelength of sodium light using Michelson interferometer and refractive index or the thickness of the thin transparent film.

b) describe plane transmission grating. How is the original grating prepared?

c) describe and derive Malus law for a polarizer.

d) Define:

i) Population inversion

ii) Optical pumping

e) Can sound wave be polarized and why?

problem2) What is laser? Describe important features of laser radiation. How laser light is different from ordinary light? Describe absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated emission of radiation.

problem3) What is optical activity? describe construction and working of a polarimeter. How could you measure specific rotation of cane sugar solution by it?

problem4) Give the construction and working of Babinet compensator. prepare down its uses.