Write a four-five page paper (double-spaced) on the following topic:

The Umayyads remain one of the most controversial dynasties in Islamic history. In the eyes of many historians, they either were impious rulers who had an overwhelmingly negative impact on Islam, or rulers who were dedicated to the cause of Islam and played a crucial role in its successful transition from a local Arabian religion to a world civilization.

Your task is to write a paper in which you discuss both the positive contributions of the Umayyad Caliphs, as well as their actions that had a negative impact on the people living in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In your conclusion, you should assess whether their impact, on the whole, was positive or detrimental to Islamic civilization and the MENA region.

5 major names have to be mentioned in the writing

1- Muawiya b. Sufian

2- Yazeed b. Muawiya

3- Ibn al zubayr

4-Marwan

5- Abdulmalek ibn Marwa

The sources that you may use and refer to are in the attachment

The book name is (The Prophet and the age of the caliphate).